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Personality and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Testing the Situational Strength Hypothesis and the Role of Hypothetical Versus Real Incentives.

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Title: Personality and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Testing the Situational Strength Hypothesis and the Role of Hypothetical Versus Real Incentives.
Authors: Lozano, José H.
Source: Journal of Personality. Feb2016, Vol. 84 Issue 1, p71-78. 8p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Social values, Personality, Incentive (Psychology), Cooperativeness, Personality & situation, Dilemma, Personality assessment, Interpersonal relations, Motivation (Psychology), Sensory perception, Problem solving, Psychological tests, Social participation, Social skills
Abstract: Previous research aimed at testing the situational strength hypothesis suffers from serious limitations regarding the conceptualization of strength. In order to overcome these limitations, the present study attempts to test the situational strength hypothesis based on the operationalization of strength as reinforcement contingencies. One dispositional factor of proven effect on cooperative behavior, social value orientation (SVO), was used as a predictor of behavior in four social dilemmas with varying degree of situational strength. The moderating role of incentive condition (hypothetical vs. real) on the relationship between SVO and behavior was also tested. One hundred undergraduates were presented with the four social dilemmas and the Social Value Orientation Scale. One-half of the sample played the social dilemmas using real incentives, whereas the other half used hypothetical incentives. Results supported the situational strength hypothesis in that no behavioral variability and no effect of SVO on behavior were found in the strongest situation. However, situational strength did not moderate the effect of SVO on behavior in situations where behavior showed variability. No moderating effect was found for incentive condition either. The implications of these results for personality theory and assessment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Personality is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Personality and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Testing the Situational Strength Hypothesis and the Role of Hypothetical Versus Real Incentives.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Previous research aimed at testing the situational strength hypothesis suffers from serious limitations regarding the conceptualization of strength. In order to overcome these limitations, the present study attempts to test the situational strength hypothesis based on the operationalization of strength as reinforcement contingencies. One dispositional factor of proven effect on cooperative behavior, social value orientation (SVO), was used as a predictor of behavior in four social dilemmas with varying degree of situational strength. The moderating role of incentive condition (hypothetical vs. real) on the relationship between SVO and behavior was also tested. One hundred undergraduates were presented with the four social dilemmas and the Social Value Orientation Scale. One-half of the sample played the social dilemmas using real incentives, whereas the other half used hypothetical incentives. Results supported the situational strength hypothesis in that no behavioral variability and no effect of SVO on behavior were found in the strongest situation. However, situational strength did not moderate the effect of SVO on behavior in situations where behavior showed variability. No moderating effect was found for incentive condition either. The implications of these results for personality theory and assessment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Personality is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=112234089
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        Value: 10.1111/jopy.12139
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 71
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Social values
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Incentive (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cooperativeness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality & situation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dilemma
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motivation (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sensory perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem solving
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social participation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social skills
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Personality and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Testing the Situational Strength Hypothesis and the Role of Hypothetical Versus Real Incentives.
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            NameFull: Lozano, José H.
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              Text: Feb2016
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              Y: 2016
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