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High Prevalence and Incidence of HIV and HCV Among New Injecting Drug Users With a Large Proportion of Migrants—Is Prevention Failing?

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Title: High Prevalence and Incidence of HIV and HCV Among New Injecting Drug Users With a Large Proportion of Migrants—Is Prevention Failing?
Authors: Folch, Cinta (AUTHOR), Casabona, Jordi (AUTHOR), Espelt, Albert (AUTHOR), Majó, Xavier (AUTHOR), Meroño, Mercè (AUTHOR), Gonzalez, Victoria (AUTHOR), Wiessing, Lucas (AUTHOR), Colom, Joan (AUTHOR), Brugal, M. Teresa (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2016, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p250-260. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: HIV infection risk factors, HIV infection epidemiology, Saliva analysis, Intravenous drug abuse, Chi-squared test, Confidence intervals, Statistical correlation, Fisher exact test, Homelessness, Interviewing, Research methodology, Nomads, Poisson distribution, Public health surveillance, Questionnaires, Statistical sampling, T-test (Statistics), Cross-sectional method, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Chronic hepatitis C, Cluster sampling, Disease risk factors
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess differences in the prevalence of HIV and HCV infection and associated risk factors between new (injecting for ≤5 years) and long-term injectors and to estimate HIV/HCV incidence among new injectors.Methods:Cross-sectional study among people who inject drugs (PWID) who attended harm reduction centers in Catalonia in 2010–11. Anonymous questionnaires and oral fluid samples were collected. Poisson regression models were applied to determine the association between HIV/HCV infection and risk factors.Results:Of the 761 participants, 21.4% were new injectors. New injectors were younger than long-term injectors (mean age = 31.6 vs. 37.8) and were more likely to be immigrants (59.0% vs. 33.4%). HIV and HCV prevalence was 20.6% and 59.4% among new injectors, and estimated HIV and HCV incidence 8.7 and 25.1 /100 person-years, respectively. Among new injectors, HIV infection was associated with homelessness (PR = 3.10) and reporting a previous sexually transmitted infection (PR = 1.79). Reporting front/backloading (PR = 1.33) and daily injection (PR = 1.35) were risk-factors for HCV infection. For long-term injectors, HIV risk factors were: having shared syringes (PR = 1.85), having injected cocaine (PR = 1.38), reporting front/backloading (PR = 1.30) and ever having been in prison (PR = 2.03).Conclusion:A large proportion of PWID in Catalonia are new injectors, a subgroup with a high level of both sexual and parenteral exposure and a high incidence rate of HIV/ HCV infections. It is important to improve early diagnosis of these infections among this group, in particular among migrants. To identify and address risk factors for homelessness PWID should be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: High Prevalence and Incidence of HIV and HCV Among New Injecting Drug Users With a Large Proportion of Migrants—Is Prevention Failing?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Folch%2C+Cinta%22">Folch, Cinta</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Casabona%2C+Jordi%22">Casabona, Jordi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Espelt%2C+Albert%22">Espelt, Albert</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Majó%2C+Xavier%22">Majó, Xavier</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meroño%2C+Mercè%22">Meroño, Mercè</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gonzalez%2C+Victoria%22">Gonzalez, Victoria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wiessing%2C+Lucas%22">Wiessing, Lucas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colom%2C+Joan%22">Colom, Joan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brugal%2C+M%2E+Teresa%22">Brugal, M. Teresa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22">Substance Use & Misuse</searchLink>. 2016, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p250-260. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV+infection+risk+factors%22">HIV infection risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV+infection+epidemiology%22">HIV infection epidemiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saliva+analysis%22">Saliva analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intravenous+drug+abuse%22">Intravenous drug abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fisher+exact+test%22">Fisher exact test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Homelessness%22">Homelessness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nomads%22">Nomads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poisson+distribution%22">Poisson distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health+surveillance%22">Public health surveillance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+hepatitis+C%22">Chronic hepatitis C</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cluster+sampling%22">Cluster sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess differences in the prevalence of HIV and HCV infection and associated risk factors between new (injecting for ≤5 years) and long-term injectors and to estimate HIV/HCV incidence among new injectors.Methods:Cross-sectional study among people who inject drugs (PWID) who attended harm reduction centers in Catalonia in 2010–11. Anonymous questionnaires and oral fluid samples were collected. Poisson regression models were applied to determine the association between HIV/HCV infection and risk factors.Results:Of the 761 participants, 21.4% were new injectors. New injectors were younger than long-term injectors (mean age = 31.6 vs. 37.8) and were more likely to be immigrants (59.0% vs. 33.4%). HIV and HCV prevalence was 20.6% and 59.4% among new injectors, and estimated HIV and HCV incidence 8.7 and 25.1 /100 person-years, respectively. Among new injectors, HIV infection was associated with homelessness (PR = 3.10) and reporting a previous sexually transmitted infection (PR = 1.79). Reporting front/backloading (PR = 1.33) and daily injection (PR = 1.35) were risk-factors for HCV infection. For long-term injectors, HIV risk factors were: having shared syringes (PR = 1.85), having injected cocaine (PR = 1.38), reporting front/backloading (PR = 1.30) and ever having been in prison (PR = 2.03).Conclusion:A large proportion of PWID in Catalonia are new injectors, a subgroup with a high level of both sexual and parenteral exposure and a high incidence rate of HIV/ HCV infections. It is important to improve early diagnosis of these infections among this group, in particular among migrants. To identify and address risk factors for homelessness PWID should be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1092991
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV infection epidemiology
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      – SubjectFull: Saliva analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Intravenous drug abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
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      – SubjectFull: Fisher exact test
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      – SubjectFull: Homelessness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Nomads
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      – SubjectFull: Poisson distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Public health surveillance
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      – SubjectFull: Disease risk factors
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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      – TitleFull: High Prevalence and Incidence of HIV and HCV Among New Injecting Drug Users With a Large Proportion of Migrants—Is Prevention Failing?
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