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Cognitive neuropsychological functioning in New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia.

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Title: Cognitive neuropsychological functioning in New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Authors: Kake, Tai R., Garrett, Nicholas, Te Aonui, Menetta
Source: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Jun2016, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p566-576. 11p.
Subjects: Drug therapy for schizophrenia, Diagnosis of schizophrenia, Age distribution, Analysis of covariance, Attention, Chi-squared test, Cognition, Ethnopsychology, Memory, Neuropsychology, Probability theory, Research funding, Statistics, Substance abuse, T-test (Statistics), Data analysis, Executive function, Data analysis software, Functional assessment, Kruskal-Wallis Test
Geographic Terms: Australia
Abstract: Objective: Previous research suggests that New Zealand Māori may have an elevated rate of schizophrenia. However, there is limited evidence on important clinical features of the illness in this population. This study examined cognitive neuropsychological functioning in 54 adult Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia and 56 Māori controls. This study also examined associations between cognition, medication and symptoms of psychosis in the schizophrenia group. Method: The groups were matched on socio-demographic variables, handedness and premorbid cognitive ability. Participants were assessed on neuropsychological tests of attention, executive ability, motor, premorbid ability, verbal/non-verbal memory and verbal fluency (English/Māori versions). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms. Information on cultural identity, duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis, medication and substance abuse was collected. Results: The performance of the schizophrenia group was significantly lower than the control group on all the neuropsychological tests, except the test of attention. The effect sizes were moderate to large: 0.78 for motor function; 1.3 for executive ability, verbal fluency and visual memory; 1.6 for verbal learning and 1.8 for verbal memory. These differences remained after adjustment for multiple comparisons and covariates. A higher dose of antipsychotic medication and a higher anticholinergic load were associated with greater verbal memory impairment (r = −0.38 and r = −0.38, respectively). A longer duration of illness was associated with greater impairment of verbal memory (rho = −0.48), verbal learning (rho = −0.41) and visual memory (rho = −0.44). Conclusion: The findings for the schizophrenia group show a profile of generalised cognitive impairment with greater impairment of verbal memory. The cognitive impairment in this group was independent of psychotic symptoms, but was associated with a higher antipsychotic dose, higher anticholinergic load and longer duration of illness. These findings have implications for clinical prescribing practices and rehabilitation for New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Cognitive neuropsychological functioning in New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kake%2C+Tai+R%2E%22">Kake, Tai R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garrett%2C+Nicholas%22">Garrett, Nicholas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Te+Aonui%2C+Menetta%22">Te Aonui, Menetta</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Australian+%26+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Psychiatry%22">Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</searchLink>. Jun2016, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p566-576. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+therapy+for+schizophrenia%22">Drug therapy for schizophrenia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis+of+schizophrenia%22">Diagnosis of schizophrenia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+covariance%22">Analysis of covariance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnopsychology%22">Ethnopsychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychology%22">Neuropsychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse%22">Substance abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+assessment%22">Functional assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kruskal-Wallis+Test%22">Kruskal-Wallis Test</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objective: Previous research suggests that New Zealand Māori may have an elevated rate of schizophrenia. However, there is limited evidence on important clinical features of the illness in this population. This study examined cognitive neuropsychological functioning in 54 adult Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia and 56 Māori controls. This study also examined associations between cognition, medication and symptoms of psychosis in the schizophrenia group. Method: The groups were matched on socio-demographic variables, handedness and premorbid cognitive ability. Participants were assessed on neuropsychological tests of attention, executive ability, motor, premorbid ability, verbal/non-verbal memory and verbal fluency (English/Māori versions). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms. Information on cultural identity, duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis, medication and substance abuse was collected. Results: The performance of the schizophrenia group was significantly lower than the control group on all the neuropsychological tests, except the test of attention. The effect sizes were moderate to large: 0.78 for motor function; 1.3 for executive ability, verbal fluency and visual memory; 1.6 for verbal learning and 1.8 for verbal memory. These differences remained after adjustment for multiple comparisons and covariates. A higher dose of antipsychotic medication and a higher anticholinergic load were associated with greater verbal memory impairment (r = −0.38 and r = −0.38, respectively). A longer duration of illness was associated with greater impairment of verbal memory (rho = −0.48), verbal learning (rho = −0.41) and visual memory (rho = −0.44). Conclusion: The findings for the schizophrenia group show a profile of generalised cognitive impairment with greater impairment of verbal memory. The cognitive impairment in this group was independent of psychotic symptoms, but was associated with a higher antipsychotic dose, higher anticholinergic load and longer duration of illness. These findings have implications for clinical prescribing practices and rehabilitation for New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/0004867415607986
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 566
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Drug therapy for schizophrenia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis of schizophrenia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of covariance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethnopsychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuropsychology
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      – SubjectFull: Probability theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Cognitive neuropsychological functioning in New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Kake, Tai R.
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            NameFull: Garrett, Nicholas
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            NameFull: Te Aonui, Menetta
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2016
              Type: published
              Y: 2016
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              Value: 50
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            – TitleFull: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
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