The Effect of Prior Task Success on Older Adults’ Memory Performance: Examining the Influence of Different Types of Task Success.
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| Title: | The Effect of Prior Task Success on Older Adults’ Memory Performance: Examining the Influence of Different Types of Task Success. |
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| Authors: | Geraci, Lisa (AUTHOR), Hughes, Matthew L. (AUTHOR), Miller, Tyler M. (AUTHOR), De Forrest, Ross L. (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Experimental Aging Research. Jul/Sep2016, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p365-381. 17p. |
| Subjects: | Affect (Psychology), Aging, Anxiety, Confidence intervals, Experimental design, Memory, Psychological tests, Questionnaires, Research funding, Statistical sampling, Success, Time, Educational attainment, Control groups, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Descriptive statistics, One-way analysis of variance, Old age |
| Abstract: | Background/Study Context: Negative aging stereotypes can lead older adults to perform poorly on memory tests. Yet, memory performance can be improved if older adults have a single successful experience on a cognitive test prior to participating in a memory experiment (Geraci & Miller, 2013, Psychology and Aging, 28, 340–345). The current study examined the effects of different types of prior task experience on subsequent memory performance. Methods: Before participating in a verbal free recall experiment, older adults in Experiment 1 successfully completed either a verbal or a visual cognitive task or no task. In Experiment 2, they successfully completed either a motor task or no task before participating in the free recall experiment. Results: Results from Experiment 1 showed that relative to control (no prior task), participants who had prior success, either on a verbal or a visual task, had better subsequent recall performance. Experiment 2 showed that prior success on a motor task, however, did not lead to a later memory advantage relative to control. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that older adults' memory can be improved by a successful prior task experience so long as that experience is in a cognitive domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | Background/Study Context: Negative aging stereotypes can lead older adults to perform poorly on memory tests. Yet, memory performance can be improved if older adults have a single successful experience on a cognitive test prior to participating in a memory experiment (Geraci & Miller, 2013, Psychology and Aging, 28, 340–345). The current study examined the effects of different types of prior task experience on subsequent memory performance. Methods: Before participating in a verbal free recall experiment, older adults in Experiment 1 successfully completed either a verbal or a visual cognitive task or no task. In Experiment 2, they successfully completed either a motor task or no task before participating in the free recall experiment. Results: Results from Experiment 1 showed that relative to control (no prior task), participants who had prior success, either on a verbal or a visual task, had better subsequent recall performance. Experiment 2 showed that prior success on a motor task, however, did not lead to a later memory advantage relative to control. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that older adults' memory can be improved by a successful prior task experience so long as that experience is in a cognitive domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 0361073X |
| DOI: | 10.1080/0361073X.2016.1191860 |
