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Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence.

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Title: Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence.
Authors: Wessing, Ida, Romer, Georg, Junghöfer, Markus
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Jan2017, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p103-112. 10p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Hypothesis, Affect (Psychology), Age distribution, Analysis of variance, Anger, Avoidant personality disorder, Comparative studies, Statistical correlation, Electroencephalography, Facial expression, Interviewing, Classification of mental disorders, Probability theory, Psychological tests, Questionnaires, Research funding, Self-evaluation, Statistics, T-test (Statistics), Data analysis, Effect sizes (Statistics), Anxiety disorders, Prompts (Psychology), Repeated measures design, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics
Geographic Terms: Germany
Abstract: Background: An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods: Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8-14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results: In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wessing%2C+Ida%22">Wessing, Ida</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Romer%2C+Georg%22">Romer, Georg</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Junghöfer%2C+Markus%22">Junghöfer, Markus</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Jan2017, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p103-112. 10p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
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  Data: Background: An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods: Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8-14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results: In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.12617
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
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      – SubjectFull: Hypothesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affect (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Anger
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      – SubjectFull: Avoidant personality disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
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      – TitleFull: Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence.
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              Text: Jan2017
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