The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine-containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross-sectional online population.
Saved in:
| Title: | The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine-containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross-sectional online population. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Kimergård, Andreas, Foley, Michelle, Davey, Zoe, Wadsworth, Elle, Drummond, Colin, Deluca, Paolo |
| Source: | Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental. May2017, Vol. 32 Issue 3, pn/a-N.PAG. 7p. |
| Subjects: | Drug abuse, Codeine, Psychiatric drugs, Pharmaceutical research, Drug side effects |
| Abstract: | Objective Misuse of codeine-containing medicines in combination with new psychoactive substances (NPS) is inadequately described. This study characterises codeine consumption amongst NPS users and non-NPS users to provide warning of health issues. Methods Online survey conducted between July 2015 and March 2016. Results Out of 340 respondents, residing in a country in Europe and using codeine recently, 63.8% were female. Mean age: 34.9 years ( SD = 12.4). Substance use included NPS (18.5%) and illicit controlled drugs (55.9%). Factors relating to codeine use found to significantly predict NPS use were consuming codeine extracted from combination tablets (OR = 16.79, 95% CI [8.67, 32.51]), obtaining codeine from friends, family, and acquaintances (OR = 3.98, 95% CI [1.82, 8.7]), use of illicit controlled drugs (OR = 34.99, 95% CI [8.39, 145.94]) and use of codeine to experience euphoria (OR = 6.41, 95% CI [3.42, 12.04]). Conclusions Amongst NPS users, codeine is less likely to be used daily but more likely to be used for recreational purposes. Smaller populations engaging in high-risk use exist who take multiple drugs in high doses. Combinations of misused codeine and NPS highlight the need for policy to respond to a more complex drug situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
|
Full text is not displayed to guests.
Login for full access.
|
|
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 1 |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 123822613 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine-containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross-sectional online population. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kimergård%2C+Andreas%22">Kimergård, Andreas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foley%2C+Michelle%22">Foley, Michelle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Davey%2C+Zoe%22">Davey, Zoe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wadsworth%2C+Elle%22">Wadsworth, Elle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Drummond%2C+Colin%22">Drummond, Colin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deluca%2C+Paolo%22">Deluca, Paolo</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Human+Psychopharmacology%3A+Clinical+%26+Experimental%22">Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental</searchLink>. May2017, Vol. 32 Issue 3, pn/a-N.PAG. 7p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abuse%22">Drug abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Codeine%22">Codeine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychiatric+drugs%22">Psychiatric drugs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pharmaceutical+research%22">Pharmaceutical research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+side+effects%22">Drug side effects</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Objective Misuse of codeine-containing medicines in combination with new psychoactive substances (NPS) is inadequately described. This study characterises codeine consumption amongst NPS users and non-NPS users to provide warning of health issues. Methods Online survey conducted between July 2015 and March 2016. Results Out of 340 respondents, residing in a country in Europe and using codeine recently, 63.8% were female. Mean age: 34.9 years ( SD = 12.4). Substance use included NPS (18.5%) and illicit controlled drugs (55.9%). Factors relating to codeine use found to significantly predict NPS use were consuming codeine extracted from combination tablets (OR = 16.79, 95% CI [8.67, 32.51]), obtaining codeine from friends, family, and acquaintances (OR = 3.98, 95% CI [1.82, 8.7]), use of illicit controlled drugs (OR = 34.99, 95% CI [8.39, 145.94]) and use of codeine to experience euphoria (OR = 6.41, 95% CI [3.42, 12.04]). Conclusions Amongst NPS users, codeine is less likely to be used daily but more likely to be used for recreational purposes. Smaller populations engaging in high-risk use exist who take multiple drugs in high doses. Combinations of misused codeine and NPS highlight the need for policy to respond to a more complex drug situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=123822613 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/hup.2611 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: n/a Subjects: – SubjectFull: Drug abuse Type: general – SubjectFull: Codeine Type: general – SubjectFull: Psychiatric drugs Type: general – SubjectFull: Pharmaceutical research Type: general – SubjectFull: Drug side effects Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine-containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross-sectional online population. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kimergård, Andreas – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Foley, Michelle – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Davey, Zoe – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wadsworth, Elle – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Drummond, Colin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Deluca, Paolo IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 08856222 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 32 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
