Pricing of tobacco products during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging: an observational study of retail price data from independent and convenience (small) retailers in the United Kingdom.
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| Title: | Pricing of tobacco products during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging: an observational study of retail price data from independent and convenience (small) retailers in the United Kingdom. |
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| Authors: | Critchlow, Nathan (AUTHOR), Stead, Martine (AUTHOR), Moodie, Crawford (AUTHOR), Angus, Kathryn (AUTHOR), Eadie, Douglas (AUTHOR), MacKintosh, Anne Marie (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Addiction. Mar2019, Vol. 114 Issue 3, p523-533. 11p. 4 Charts, 2 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Packaging, Tobacco products, Marketing, Sales personnel, Manufacturing industries, Standards, Economics |
| Geographic Terms: | United Kingdom |
| Abstract: | Background and aims: Tobacco companies claimed that standardized packaging, phased in/introduced May 2016–May 2017, would reduce prices and increase consumption. We: (1) describe changes in price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging; (2) describe price changes by cigarette price segment; and (3) analyse price changes by stage of implementation. Design An observational study, using electronic point‐of‐sale data, monitored price trends in three periods: (1) May–September 2016, start of transition period; (2) October 2016–May 2017, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators implemented; and (3) June–October 2017, when standardized packaging was mandatory. Setting: United Kingdom. Participants: Small retailers (n = 500) stratified by region and deprivation. Data were monitored for 20 leading fully branded tobacco products [15 factory‐made cigarettes (FMC), 5 roll‐your‐own (RYO)] and their standardized equivalents. Measurement Price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram, based on monthly average Recommended Retail Price (RRP) and actual sale price, adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Pricing Index (CPIH). Net changes (£GBP, %) were analysed by product type (FMC versus RYO) and FMC price segment (value, mid‐price, premium). Findings Between May 2016 and October 2017, the average inflation‐adjusted RRP/price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increased for FMC (all price segments) and RYO. For example, sales price‐per‐cigarette increased +4.64%, with the largest increases for value (+6.81%), premium (+5.32%) and mid‐price FMCs (+3.30%). Net sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increases were largest in period 2, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators were implemented (FMC = +4.70%; RYO = +3.75%). There were small decreases in sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram once standardized packaging became mandatory (FMC = –1.14%; RYO = –0.88%). Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, the price of leading roll‐your‐own and factory‐made cigarette brands sold by small retailers increased as standardized packaging was phased in, with increases larger than expected through duty escalation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 134736171 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Pricing of tobacco products during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging: an observational study of retail price data from independent and convenience (small) retailers in the United Kingdom. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Critchlow%2C+Nathan%22">Critchlow, Nathan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stead%2C+Martine%22">Stead, Martine</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moodie%2C+Crawford%22">Moodie, Crawford</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angus%2C+Kathryn%22">Angus, Kathryn</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eadie%2C+Douglas%22">Eadie, Douglas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MacKintosh%2C+Anne+Marie%22">MacKintosh, Anne Marie</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Mar2019, Vol. 114 Issue 3, p523-533. 11p. 4 Charts, 2 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Packaging%22">Packaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tobacco+products%22">Tobacco products</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marketing%22">Marketing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sales+personnel%22">Sales personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manufacturing+industries%22">Manufacturing industries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standards%22">Standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economics%22">Economics</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background and aims: Tobacco companies claimed that standardized packaging, phased in/introduced May 2016–May 2017, would reduce prices and increase consumption. We: (1) describe changes in price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging; (2) describe price changes by cigarette price segment; and (3) analyse price changes by stage of implementation. Design An observational study, using electronic point‐of‐sale data, monitored price trends in three periods: (1) May–September 2016, start of transition period; (2) October 2016–May 2017, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators implemented; and (3) June–October 2017, when standardized packaging was mandatory. Setting: United Kingdom. Participants: Small retailers (n = 500) stratified by region and deprivation. Data were monitored for 20 leading fully branded tobacco products [15 factory‐made cigarettes (FMC), 5 roll‐your‐own (RYO)] and their standardized equivalents. Measurement Price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram, based on monthly average Recommended Retail Price (RRP) and actual sale price, adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Pricing Index (CPIH). Net changes (£GBP, %) were analysed by product type (FMC versus RYO) and FMC price segment (value, mid‐price, premium). Findings Between May 2016 and October 2017, the average inflation‐adjusted RRP/price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increased for FMC (all price segments) and RYO. For example, sales price‐per‐cigarette increased +4.64%, with the largest increases for value (+6.81%), premium (+5.32%) and mid‐price FMCs (+3.30%). Net sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increases were largest in period 2, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators were implemented (FMC = +4.70%; RYO = +3.75%). There were small decreases in sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram once standardized packaging became mandatory (FMC = –1.14%; RYO = –0.88%). Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, the price of leading roll‐your‐own and factory‐made cigarette brands sold by small retailers increased as standardized packaging was phased in, with increases larger than expected through duty escalation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1111/add.14488 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 523 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Packaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Tobacco products Type: general – SubjectFull: Marketing Type: general – SubjectFull: Sales personnel Type: general – SubjectFull: Manufacturing industries Type: general – SubjectFull: Standards Type: general – SubjectFull: Economics Type: general – SubjectFull: United Kingdom Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Pricing of tobacco products during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging: an observational study of retail price data from independent and convenience (small) retailers in the United Kingdom. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Critchlow, Nathan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stead, Martine – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Moodie, Crawford – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Angus, Kathryn – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Eadie, Douglas – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: MacKintosh, Anne Marie IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2019 Type: published Y: 2019 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09652140 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 114 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Addiction Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
