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Long-term impact of acute restraint stress on heroin self-administration, reinstatement, and stress reactivity.

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Title: Long-term impact of acute restraint stress on heroin self-administration, reinstatement, and stress reactivity.
Authors: Carter, Jordan S. (AUTHOR), Kearns, Angela M. (AUTHOR), Vollmer, Kelsey M. (AUTHOR), Garcia-Keller, Constanza (AUTHOR), Weber, Rachel A. (AUTHOR), Baker, Nathaniel L. (AUTHOR), Kalivas, Peter W. (AUTHOR), Reichel, Carmela M. (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychopharmacology. Jun2020, Vol. 237 Issue 6, p1709-1721. 13p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Heroin, Immobilization stress, Opioid abuse, Conditioned response, Substance abuse treatment, Extinction (Psychology), Post-traumatic stress disorder
Abstract: Rationale: There is a robust relationship between anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse. In fact, 30–50% of people seeking treatment for substance abuse have a comorbid diagnosis for PTSD. Heroin use is at epic proportions in the USA and is commonly used by people with co-occurring PTSD symptoms and substance use disorder. Objectives: Here, we combined animal assays of acute restraint stress and contingent heroin self-administration (SA) to study comorbidity between stress disorders and opioid use disorder and identify shifts in anxiety-like behaviors following stress and/or heroin in response to a stress-conditioned cue. Our objective for this approach was to determine the long-term impact of acute restraint stress and heroin self-administration on stress reactivity and basic reward processes. Methods: We used 2-h acute restraint stress paired with an odor stimulus to condition a stress cue (CS) for testing of subsequent stress reactivity in a burying task and reinstatement and extinction to heroin seeking. Rats were also tested for social place preference for measures of social reward and anxiety-like behaviors. Results: Stress rats exhibited multiple levels of disrupted behavior including enhanced acquisition of heroin intake and reinstatement in response to the stress CS, as well as delayed extinction in response to the stress CS. All rats developed a social place preference, but stress rats spent more time in nose-to-nose contact with the unfamiliar rat while heroin rats spent time exploring the chamber. In the burying task, stress shortened latencies to bury the CS and increased burying and immobility in male and female rats relative to sham counterparts. Conclusions: Acute restraint stress results in anxiety-like behaviors and a stress-associated cue is sufficient to reinstate extinguished heroin seeking. This project has the potential to elucidate the complex relationship between stress/anxiety disorders, including some PTSD-like characteristics, and the onset, maintenance, and relapse to heroin seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Long-term impact of acute restraint stress on heroin self-administration, reinstatement, and stress reactivity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carter%2C+Jordan+S%2E%22">Carter, Jordan S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kearns%2C+Angela+M%2E%22">Kearns, Angela M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vollmer%2C+Kelsey+M%2E%22">Vollmer, Kelsey M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garcia-Keller%2C+Constanza%22">Garcia-Keller, Constanza</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weber%2C+Rachel+A%2E%22">Weber, Rachel A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baker%2C+Nathaniel+L%2E%22">Baker, Nathaniel L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kalivas%2C+Peter+W%2E%22">Kalivas, Peter W.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reichel%2C+Carmela+M%2E%22">Reichel, Carmela M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Jun2020, Vol. 237 Issue 6, p1709-1721. 13p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heroin%22">Heroin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immobilization+stress%22">Immobilization stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opioid+abuse%22">Opioid abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conditioned+response%22">Conditioned response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse+treatment%22">Substance abuse treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extinction+%28Psychology%29%22">Extinction (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Post-traumatic+stress+disorder%22">Post-traumatic stress disorder</searchLink>
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  Data: Rationale: There is a robust relationship between anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse. In fact, 30–50% of people seeking treatment for substance abuse have a comorbid diagnosis for PTSD. Heroin use is at epic proportions in the USA and is commonly used by people with co-occurring PTSD symptoms and substance use disorder. Objectives: Here, we combined animal assays of acute restraint stress and contingent heroin self-administration (SA) to study comorbidity between stress disorders and opioid use disorder and identify shifts in anxiety-like behaviors following stress and/or heroin in response to a stress-conditioned cue. Our objective for this approach was to determine the long-term impact of acute restraint stress and heroin self-administration on stress reactivity and basic reward processes. Methods: We used 2-h acute restraint stress paired with an odor stimulus to condition a stress cue (CS) for testing of subsequent stress reactivity in a burying task and reinstatement and extinction to heroin seeking. Rats were also tested for social place preference for measures of social reward and anxiety-like behaviors. Results: Stress rats exhibited multiple levels of disrupted behavior including enhanced acquisition of heroin intake and reinstatement in response to the stress CS, as well as delayed extinction in response to the stress CS. All rats developed a social place preference, but stress rats spent more time in nose-to-nose contact with the unfamiliar rat while heroin rats spent time exploring the chamber. In the burying task, stress shortened latencies to bury the CS and increased burying and immobility in male and female rats relative to sham counterparts. Conclusions: Acute restraint stress results in anxiety-like behaviors and a stress-associated cue is sufficient to reinstate extinguished heroin seeking. This project has the potential to elucidate the complex relationship between stress/anxiety disorders, including some PTSD-like characteristics, and the onset, maintenance, and relapse to heroin seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Jun2020
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