Prevalence of myopia among urban and suburban school children in Tamil Nadu, South India: findings from the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study.
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| Title: | Prevalence of myopia among urban and suburban school children in Tamil Nadu, South India: findings from the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study. |
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| Authors: | Gopalakrishnan, Aparna (AUTHOR), Hussaindeen, Jameel Rizwana (AUTHOR), Sivaraman, Viswanathan (AUTHOR), Swaminathan, Meenakshi (AUTHOR), Wong, Yee Ling (AUTHOR), Armitage, James A (AUTHOR), Gentle, Alex (AUTHOR), Backhouse, Simon (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Mar2022, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p345-357. 13p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | School children, Myopia, Urban schools, Refractive errors, Vision testing |
| Geographic Terms: | Tamil Nadu (India), India |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To report the baseline prevalence of myopia among school children in Tamil Nadu, South India from a prospective cohort study. Methods: Children between the ages of 5 and 16 years from 11 schools in two districts of Tamil Nadu underwent vision screening. All children underwent visual acuity assessment using a Pocket Vision Screener followed by non‐cycloplegic open‐field autorefraction (Grand Seiko WAM‐5500). Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction of ≤−0.75 D and high myopia was defined as SE ≤ −6.00 D. Distribution of refraction, biometry and factors associated with prevalence of myopia were the outcome measures. Results: A total of 14,699 children completed vision screening, with 2% (357) of them having ocular abnormalities other than refractive errors or poor vision despite spectacle correction. The remaining 14,342 children (7557 boys; 52.69%) had a mean age of 10.2 (Standard Deviation [SD] 2.8) years. A total of 2502 had myopia in at least one eye, a prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.7–20.5%), and 74 (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9%) had high myopia. Myopia prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001), but sex was not associated with myopia prevalence (p = 0.24). Mean axial length (AL; 23.08 (SD = 0.91) mm) and mean anterior chamber depth (ACD; 3.45 (SD = 0.27) mm) positively correlated with age (p < 0.001). The mean flat (K1; 43.37 (SD = 1.49) D) and steep (K2; 44.50 (SD = 1.58) D) corneal curvatures showed negative correlation with age (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression, older age and urban school location had higher odds for prevalence of myopia. Conclusion: The baseline prevalence of myopia among 5‐ to 16‐year‐old children in South India is larger than that found in previous studies, indicating that myopia is becoming a major public health problem in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Prevalence of myopia among urban and suburban school children in Tamil Nadu, South India: findings from the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gopalakrishnan%2C+Aparna%22">Gopalakrishnan, Aparna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hussaindeen%2C+Jameel+Rizwana%22">Hussaindeen, Jameel Rizwana</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sivaraman%2C+Viswanathan%22">Sivaraman, Viswanathan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swaminathan%2C+Meenakshi%22">Swaminathan, Meenakshi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Yee+Ling%22">Wong, Yee Ling</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Armitage%2C+James+A%22">Armitage, James A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gentle%2C+Alex%22">Gentle, Alex</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Backhouse%2C+Simon%22">Backhouse, Simon</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. Mar2022, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p345-357. 13p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+children%22">School children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myopia%22">Myopia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+schools%22">Urban schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractive+errors%22">Refractive errors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vision+testing%22">Vision testing</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tamil+Nadu+%28India%29%22">Tamil Nadu (India)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22India%22">India</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: To report the baseline prevalence of myopia among school children in Tamil Nadu, South India from a prospective cohort study. Methods: Children between the ages of 5 and 16 years from 11 schools in two districts of Tamil Nadu underwent vision screening. All children underwent visual acuity assessment using a Pocket Vision Screener followed by non‐cycloplegic open‐field autorefraction (Grand Seiko WAM‐5500). Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction of ≤−0.75 D and high myopia was defined as SE ≤ −6.00 D. Distribution of refraction, biometry and factors associated with prevalence of myopia were the outcome measures. Results: A total of 14,699 children completed vision screening, with 2% (357) of them having ocular abnormalities other than refractive errors or poor vision despite spectacle correction. The remaining 14,342 children (7557 boys; 52.69%) had a mean age of 10.2 (Standard Deviation [SD] 2.8) years. A total of 2502 had myopia in at least one eye, a prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.7–20.5%), and 74 (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9%) had high myopia. Myopia prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001), but sex was not associated with myopia prevalence (p = 0.24). Mean axial length (AL; 23.08 (SD = 0.91) mm) and mean anterior chamber depth (ACD; 3.45 (SD = 0.27) mm) positively correlated with age (p < 0.001). The mean flat (K1; 43.37 (SD = 1.49) D) and steep (K2; 44.50 (SD = 1.58) D) corneal curvatures showed negative correlation with age (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression, older age and urban school location had higher odds for prevalence of myopia. Conclusion: The baseline prevalence of myopia among 5‐ to 16‐year‐old children in South India is larger than that found in previous studies, indicating that myopia is becoming a major public health problem in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1111/opo.12943 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 345 Subjects: – SubjectFull: School children Type: general – SubjectFull: Myopia Type: general – SubjectFull: Urban schools Type: general – SubjectFull: Refractive errors Type: general – SubjectFull: Vision testing Type: general – SubjectFull: Tamil Nadu (India) Type: general – SubjectFull: India Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Prevalence of myopia among urban and suburban school children in Tamil Nadu, South India: findings from the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gopalakrishnan, Aparna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hussaindeen, Jameel Rizwana – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sivaraman, Viswanathan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Swaminathan, Meenakshi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wong, Yee Ling – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Armitage, James A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gentle, Alex – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Backhouse, Simon IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02755408 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 42 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics Type: main |
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