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Cognitive subgroups and their longitudinal trajectories in bipolar disorder.

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Title: Cognitive subgroups and their longitudinal trajectories in bipolar disorder.
Authors: Ehrlich, Tobin J. (AUTHOR), Ryan, Kelly A. (AUTHOR), Burdick, Katherine E. (AUTHOR), Langenecker, Scott A. (AUTHOR), McInnis, Melvin G. (AUTHOR), Marshall, David F. (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Sep2022, Vol. 146 Issue 3, p240-250. 11p. 2 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Bipolar disorder, Hierarchical clustering (Cluster analysis), Response inhibition, Cognitive ability, Hypomania, Visual memory
Abstract: Introduction: Cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder is heterogeneous with evidence for multiple subgroups. However, cognitive subgroup change patterns over time remains unknown. While prior work suggests minimal differences in cognitive functioning patterns over time between those with bipolar disorder and controls, group‐based analyses may obscure unique subgroup‐based changes. Material and Methods: Participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder (I, II, NOS; n = 568) and unaffected controls (n = 234) completed baseline, one‐ and five‐year neuropsychological assessments. Data reduction techniques were used to limit the number of neuropsychological variables. Bipolar disorder participant baseline neuropsychological data were entered into hierarchical cluster analyses and resultant clusters were entered in multilevel models, which tested for differences in baseline and longitudinal cognitive changes in cognition among the cluster groups and with controls. Results: Results were consistent with bipolar disorder participants forming three subgroups with high (n = 209), mid (n = 259), and low (n = 100) cognition. These groups were associated with unique clinical characteristics. Multilevel models demonstrated that over a five‐year period, the low group improved, relative to the high and mid groups, and with controls, in auditory memory. Over the five‐year period, the mid group, in comparison with the high group, improved in visual memory; additionally, the high group remained stable, in comparison with a slight decline in the control group, in inhibitory control. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that cognition‐based subgroups of bipolar disorder participants have minimal differences in their longitudinal course in relation to each other and with unaffected controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cognitive subgroups and their longitudinal trajectories in bipolar disorder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ehrlich%2C+Tobin+J%2E%22">Ehrlich, Tobin J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ryan%2C+Kelly+A%2E%22">Ryan, Kelly A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burdick%2C+Katherine+E%2E%22">Burdick, Katherine E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Langenecker%2C+Scott+A%2E%22">Langenecker, Scott A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McInnis%2C+Melvin+G%2E%22">McInnis, Melvin G.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marshall%2C+David+F%2E%22">Marshall, David F.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Psychiatrica+Scandinavica%22">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</searchLink>. Sep2022, Vol. 146 Issue 3, p240-250. 11p. 2 Charts, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bipolar+disorder%22">Bipolar disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hierarchical+clustering+%28Cluster+analysis%29%22">Hierarchical clustering (Cluster analysis)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+inhibition%22">Response inhibition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+ability%22">Cognitive ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypomania%22">Hypomania</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+memory%22">Visual memory</searchLink>
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  Data: Introduction: Cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder is heterogeneous with evidence for multiple subgroups. However, cognitive subgroup change patterns over time remains unknown. While prior work suggests minimal differences in cognitive functioning patterns over time between those with bipolar disorder and controls, group‐based analyses may obscure unique subgroup‐based changes. Material and Methods: Participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder (I, II, NOS; n = 568) and unaffected controls (n = 234) completed baseline, one‐ and five‐year neuropsychological assessments. Data reduction techniques were used to limit the number of neuropsychological variables. Bipolar disorder participant baseline neuropsychological data were entered into hierarchical cluster analyses and resultant clusters were entered in multilevel models, which tested for differences in baseline and longitudinal cognitive changes in cognition among the cluster groups and with controls. Results: Results were consistent with bipolar disorder participants forming three subgroups with high (n = 209), mid (n = 259), and low (n = 100) cognition. These groups were associated with unique clinical characteristics. Multilevel models demonstrated that over a five‐year period, the low group improved, relative to the high and mid groups, and with controls, in auditory memory. Over the five‐year period, the mid group, in comparison with the high group, improved in visual memory; additionally, the high group remained stable, in comparison with a slight decline in the control group, in inhibitory control. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that cognition‐based subgroups of bipolar disorder participants have minimal differences in their longitudinal course in relation to each other and with unaffected controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Sep2022
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