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Flexibility in valenced reinforcement learning computations across development.

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Title: Flexibility in valenced reinforcement learning computations across development.
Authors: Nussenbaum, Kate (AUTHOR), Velez, Juan A. (AUTHOR), Washington, Bradli T. (AUTHOR), Hamling, Hannah E. (AUTHOR), Hartley, Catherine A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Child Development. Sep2022, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p1601-1615. 15p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 1 Map.
Subjects: Reinforcement (Psychology), Adaptability (Personality), Children, Teenagers, Adults, Decision making
Abstract: Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8–25 year‐olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of better‐than‐expected and worse‐than‐expected outcomes when learning from reinforcement. Participants made choices across two contexts: one in which weighting positive outcomes more heavily than negative outcomes led to better performance, and one in which the reverse was true. Reinforcement learning modeling revealed that across age, participants shifted their valence biases in accordance with environmental structure. Exploratory analyses revealed strengthening of context‐dependent flexibility with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Flexibility in valenced reinforcement learning computations across development.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink>. Sep2022, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p1601-1615. 15p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 1 Map.
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  Data: Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8–25 year‐olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of better‐than‐expected and worse‐than‐expected outcomes when learning from reinforcement. Participants made choices across two contexts: one in which weighting positive outcomes more heavily than negative outcomes led to better performance, and one in which the reverse was true. Reinforcement learning modeling revealed that across age, participants shifted their valence biases in accordance with environmental structure. Exploratory analyses revealed strengthening of context‐dependent flexibility with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/cdev.13791
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: Teenagers
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2022
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