Transgender Youth Executive Functioning: Relationships with Anxiety Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment Status.

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Title: Transgender Youth Executive Functioning: Relationships with Anxiety Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment Status.
Authors: Strang, John F. (AUTHOR), Chen, Diane (AUTHOR), Nelson, Eric (AUTHOR), Leibowitz, Scott F. (AUTHOR), Nahata, Leena (AUTHOR), Anthony, Laura G. (AUTHOR), Song, Amber (AUTHOR), Grannis, Connor (AUTHOR), Graham, Elizabeth (AUTHOR), Henise, Shane (AUTHOR), Vilain, Eric (AUTHOR), Sadikova, Eleonora (AUTHOR), Freeman, Andrew (AUTHOR), Pugliese, Cara (AUTHOR), Khawaja, Ayesha (AUTHOR), Maisashvili, Tekla (AUTHOR), Mancilla, Michael (AUTHOR), Kenworthy, Lauren (AUTHOR)
Source: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. Dec2022, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1252-1265. 14p.
Subjects: Transgender youth, Executive function, Mental health, Decision making, Gender affirming care, Autism spectrum disorders, Puberty blockers, Anxiety
Abstract: Executive function (EF) underlies broad health and adaptive outcomes. For transgender youth, navigating gender discernment and gender affirmation demand EF. Yet, factors associated with transgender youth EF are unknown. We investigate hypothesized predictors of EF: over-represented conditions among transgender youth (anxiety and depression symptoms, autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) and gender-affirming care. One-hundred twenty-four transgender 11−21-year-olds participated. Parents/caregivers completed EF and mental health report measures. ASD diagnostics and gender-affirming medication histories were collected. 21 % of non-autistic and 69 % of autistic transgender youth had clinically elevated EF problems. Membership in the gender-affirming hormone treatment group was associated with better EF. ASD, anxiety symptoms, and membership in the long-duration pubertal suppression group were associated with poorer EF. Given the importance of EF skills for multiple outcomes, and the unique and additional EF demands specific to transgender youths' experiences, EF skill monitoring—and when appropriate, supports—should be considered for transgender youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child Psychiatry & Human Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Transgender Youth Executive Functioning: Relationships with Anxiety Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment Status.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child+Psychiatry+%26+Human+Development%22">Child Psychiatry & Human Development</searchLink>. Dec2022, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1252-1265. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transgender+youth%22">Transgender youth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+affirming+care%22">Gender affirming care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+spectrum+disorders%22">Autism spectrum disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Puberty+blockers%22">Puberty blockers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink>
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  Data: Executive function (EF) underlies broad health and adaptive outcomes. For transgender youth, navigating gender discernment and gender affirmation demand EF. Yet, factors associated with transgender youth EF are unknown. We investigate hypothesized predictors of EF: over-represented conditions among transgender youth (anxiety and depression symptoms, autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) and gender-affirming care. One-hundred twenty-four transgender 11−21-year-olds participated. Parents/caregivers completed EF and mental health report measures. ASD diagnostics and gender-affirming medication histories were collected. 21 % of non-autistic and 69 % of autistic transgender youth had clinically elevated EF problems. Membership in the gender-affirming hormone treatment group was associated with better EF. ASD, anxiety symptoms, and membership in the long-duration pubertal suppression group were associated with poorer EF. Given the importance of EF skills for multiple outcomes, and the unique and additional EF demands specific to transgender youths' experiences, EF skill monitoring—and when appropriate, supports—should be considered for transgender youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child Psychiatry & Human Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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