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Poisonings from hydrocarbon inhalant misuse in Australia.

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Title: Poisonings from hydrocarbon inhalant misuse in Australia.
Authors: Berling, Ingrid, Chiew, Angela, Brown, Jared
Source: Addiction. Jul2023, Vol. 118 Issue 7, p1370-1375. 6p. 1 Chart, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Substance abuse risk factors, Causes of death, Neurotoxicology, Substance abuse, Syndromes, Burns & scalds, Retrospective studies, Hydrocarbons, Risk assessment, Poison control centers, Cardiac arrest, Descriptive statistics, Asphyxia, Disease complications
Geographic Terms: New South Wales, Australia
Abstract: Background and aims: Inhalational misuse of volatile substances has been a significant public health concern because of the risk of sudden death and associated chronic complications such as encephalopathy. The Australian Government released a Consensus‐based clinical practice guideline in 2011 on the management of volatile substance use in Australia, which noted a lack of available data particularly on harms. This study aimed to measure (1) the number of calls received by the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC) regarding inhalational hydrocarbon exposures or poisonings and (2) the number of unintentional deaths reported to the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) in Australia. Design, setting, cases, measurements: We performed a retrospective review of all recreational inhalational hydrocarbon exposure calls to the NSWPIC between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. A search was made of the NCIS database in all states and territories over the same period to determine the number of non‐intentional inhalational hydrocarbon‐related deaths in Australia. Findings: Between January 2010 and December 2020, there were 752 primary calls made to the NSWPIC regarding hydrocarbon use or exposure. Age or age bracket was recorded in 748 cases, with 508 (67%) calls involving children or adolescents. Over the same time, there were 58 unintentional deaths involving the recreational use of inhalational hydrocarbons. The median age at death was 23 years (interquartile range = 15–30 years), and 72% (42 cases) were male. Cause of death was predominately acute suffocation/asphyxia, encephalopathy related to chronic use, cardiac arrest likely from sudden sniffing syndrome or thermal injuries secondary to unintentional fires sparked by the volatile agents. Conclusion: Although death and cardiac arrest are uncommon among people in Australia who misuse hydrocarbons for recreational use, the deaths and cardiac arrests tend to occur in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Poisonings from hydrocarbon inhalant misuse in Australia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berling%2C+Ingrid%22">Berling, Ingrid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chiew%2C+Angela%22">Chiew, Angela</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brown%2C+Jared%22">Brown, Jared</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Jul2023, Vol. 118 Issue 7, p1370-1375. 6p. 1 Chart, 2 Graphs.
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background and aims: Inhalational misuse of volatile substances has been a significant public health concern because of the risk of sudden death and associated chronic complications such as encephalopathy. The Australian Government released a Consensus‐based clinical practice guideline in 2011 on the management of volatile substance use in Australia, which noted a lack of available data particularly on harms. This study aimed to measure (1) the number of calls received by the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC) regarding inhalational hydrocarbon exposures or poisonings and (2) the number of unintentional deaths reported to the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) in Australia. Design, setting, cases, measurements: We performed a retrospective review of all recreational inhalational hydrocarbon exposure calls to the NSWPIC between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. A search was made of the NCIS database in all states and territories over the same period to determine the number of non‐intentional inhalational hydrocarbon‐related deaths in Australia. Findings: Between January 2010 and December 2020, there were 752 primary calls made to the NSWPIC regarding hydrocarbon use or exposure. Age or age bracket was recorded in 748 cases, with 508 (67%) calls involving children or adolescents. Over the same time, there were 58 unintentional deaths involving the recreational use of inhalational hydrocarbons. The median age at death was 23 years (interquartile range = 15–30 years), and 72% (42 cases) were male. Cause of death was predominately acute suffocation/asphyxia, encephalopathy related to chronic use, cardiac arrest likely from sudden sniffing syndrome or thermal injuries secondary to unintentional fires sparked by the volatile agents. Conclusion: Although death and cardiac arrest are uncommon among people in Australia who misuse hydrocarbons for recreational use, the deaths and cardiac arrests tend to occur in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/add.16166
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 1370
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Causes of death
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neurotoxicology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Syndromes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Burns & scalds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retrospective studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrocarbons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poison control centers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cardiac arrest
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asphyxia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New South Wales
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Poisonings from hydrocarbon inhalant misuse in Australia.
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            NameFull: Berling, Ingrid
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            NameFull: Chiew, Angela
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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              Value: 118
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