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Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders.

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Title: Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders.
Authors: Hashimoto, Kenji (AUTHOR)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. Oct2023, Vol. 273 Issue 7, p1513-1525. 13p. 4 Diagrams.
Subjects: Mental illness, Cognition disorders, People with mental illness, Maternal immune activation, Ketamine abuse, Bipolar disorder, Hypomania
Abstract: Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Although modern therapeutic drugs can improve certain symptoms (i.e., psychosis, depression) in these patients, these drugs have not been found to improve cognitive impairment. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (R,S)-ketamine has attracted attention as a rapidly acting antidepressant. In addition to its robust antidepressant effects, (R,S)-ketamine has been suggested to improve cognitive impairment in patients with MDD and BD, despite causing cognitive impairment in healthy control subjects. (R,S)-ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (or esketamine). Arketamine has been found to have more potent antidepressant-like actions than esketamine in rodents. Interestingly, arketamine, but not esketamine, has been suggested to improve phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Furthermore, arketamine has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in rodent offspring after maternal immune activation. In the current article, it is proposed that arketamine has therapeutic potential for treating cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders. Additionally, the potential role of the gut–microbiome–brain axis in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hashimoto%2C+Kenji%22">Hashimoto, Kenji</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Archives+of+Psychiatry+%26+Clinical+Neuroscience%22">European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience</searchLink>. Oct2023, Vol. 273 Issue 7, p1513-1525. 13p. 4 Diagrams.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22People+with+mental+illness%22">People with mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maternal+immune+activation%22">Maternal immune activation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ketamine+abuse%22">Ketamine abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bipolar+disorder%22">Bipolar disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypomania%22">Hypomania</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Although modern therapeutic drugs can improve certain symptoms (i.e., psychosis, depression) in these patients, these drugs have not been found to improve cognitive impairment. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (R,S)-ketamine has attracted attention as a rapidly acting antidepressant. In addition to its robust antidepressant effects, (R,S)-ketamine has been suggested to improve cognitive impairment in patients with MDD and BD, despite causing cognitive impairment in healthy control subjects. (R,S)-ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (or esketamine). Arketamine has been found to have more potent antidepressant-like actions than esketamine in rodents. Interestingly, arketamine, but not esketamine, has been suggested to improve phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Furthermore, arketamine has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in rodent offspring after maternal immune activation. In the current article, it is proposed that arketamine has therapeutic potential for treating cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders. Additionally, the potential role of the gut–microbiome–brain axis in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00406-023-01570-5
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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      – SubjectFull: Mental illness
        Type: general
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: People with mental illness
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      – SubjectFull: Maternal immune activation
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      – SubjectFull: Ketamine abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Bipolar disorder
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypomania
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      – TitleFull: Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders.
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              Text: Oct2023
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              Y: 2023
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