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Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Richmond, VA.

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Title: Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Richmond, VA.
Authors: West, Samuel J. (AUTHOR), Wood, Ariel M. (AUTHOR), Aboutanos, Michel B. (AUTHOR), Thomson, Nicholas D. (AUTHOR)
Source: Aggressive Behavior. Nov2023, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p559-567. 9p.
Subjects: COVID-19 pandemic, Violence, Shootings (Crime), Organized crime, Firearm sales & prices, Gunshot wounds
Geographic Terms: Richmond (Va.)
Abstract: The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic carried with it an increase in violence in the United States and abroad. The proportion of violence cases involving firearms also increased during this time, yet little research has examined these effects using data from the second wave of COVID infections. Explanations for these documented increases in gun violence put forward by scholars include increased firearm purchases, alcohol consumption, unemployment, and organized crime activity. The current work examined these trends in Richmond, VA. We collected data on patients (N = 1744) presenting with violent injuries from 2018 to 2022 from the emergency department of a Level‐1 Trauma Center in Richmond, VA. Data were coded on the basis of whether they presented before the pandemic, during the first wave, or during the second wave. Logistic binomial regressions revealed that the risk of gunshot wounds increased by 32% during the first wave and 44% during the second wave, relative to the pre‐COVID period, but that the increase between the first and second wave was not significant. These findings held after controlling for victim age, race, sex, and injury severity. Further analyses revealed that these effects were specific to violent injury, as we found no increase in firearm use among self‐injury cases. The heightened violence reported during the COVID‐19 pandemic was also observed in Richmond, VA. Gun violence in particular increased over time as other forms of violence (i.e., assaults, stabbings, and self‐harm) decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Aggressive Behavior is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Richmond, VA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Aggressive+Behavior%22">Aggressive Behavior</searchLink>. Nov2023, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p559-567. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence%22">Violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shootings+%28Crime%29%22">Shootings (Crime)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organized+crime%22">Organized crime</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Firearm+sales+%26+prices%22">Firearm sales & prices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gunshot+wounds%22">Gunshot wounds</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Richmond+%28Va%2E%29%22">Richmond (Va.)</searchLink>
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  Data: The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic carried with it an increase in violence in the United States and abroad. The proportion of violence cases involving firearms also increased during this time, yet little research has examined these effects using data from the second wave of COVID infections. Explanations for these documented increases in gun violence put forward by scholars include increased firearm purchases, alcohol consumption, unemployment, and organized crime activity. The current work examined these trends in Richmond, VA. We collected data on patients (N = 1744) presenting with violent injuries from 2018 to 2022 from the emergency department of a Level‐1 Trauma Center in Richmond, VA. Data were coded on the basis of whether they presented before the pandemic, during the first wave, or during the second wave. Logistic binomial regressions revealed that the risk of gunshot wounds increased by 32% during the first wave and 44% during the second wave, relative to the pre‐COVID period, but that the increase between the first and second wave was not significant. These findings held after controlling for victim age, race, sex, and injury severity. Further analyses revealed that these effects were specific to violent injury, as we found no increase in firearm use among self‐injury cases. The heightened violence reported during the COVID‐19 pandemic was also observed in Richmond, VA. Gun violence in particular increased over time as other forms of violence (i.e., assaults, stabbings, and self‐harm) decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Aggressive Behavior is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Shootings (Crime)
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      – SubjectFull: Organized crime
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      – SubjectFull: Firearm sales & prices
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      – SubjectFull: Gunshot wounds
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      – SubjectFull: Richmond (Va.)
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              Text: Nov2023
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