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Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.

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Title: Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.
Authors: Hussain, Azfira (AUTHOR), Gopalakrishnan, Aparna (AUTHOR), Scott, Hannah (AUTHOR), Seby, Chris (AUTHOR), Tang, Victoria (AUTHOR), Ostrin, Lisa (AUTHOR), Chakraborty, Ranjay (AUTHOR)
Source: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Nov2023, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1478-1490. 13p.
Abstract: Purpose: Experimental models have implicated the role of melatonin circadian rhythm disruption in refractive error development. Recent studies have examined melatonin concentration and its diurnal patterns on refractive error with equivocal results. This systematic review aimed to summarise the literature on melatonin circadian rhythms in myopia. Recent Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, LILACS, Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for papers between January 2010 and December 2022 using defined search terms. Seven studies measured melatonin and circadian rhythms in three biological fluids (blood serum, saliva and urine) in both myopes and non‐myopes. Morning melatonin concentrations derived from blood serum varied significantly between studies in individuals aged 10–30 years, with a maximum of 89.45 pg/mL and a minimum of 5.43 pg/mL using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The diurnal variation of salivary melatonin was not significantly different between myopes and emmetropes when measured every 4 h for 24 h and quantified with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Significantly elevated salivary melatonin concentrations were reported in myopes compared with emmetropes, aged 18–30 years when measured hourly from evening until their habitual bedtime using liquid chromatography. However, the relationship between dim light melatonin onset and refractive group was inconsistent between studies. The 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin concentration derived from overnight urine volume, measured using a double antibody radioimmunoassay, was found to be significantly lower in myopes (29.17 pg/mL) than emmetropes (42.51 pg/mL). Summary: The role of melatonin concentration and rhythm in myopia has not been studied extensively. This systematic review confirms conflicting findings across studies, with potential relationships existing. Future studies with uniform methodological approaches are required to ascertain the causal relationship between melatonin dysregulation and myopia in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hussain%2C+Azfira%22">Hussain, Azfira</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gopalakrishnan%2C+Aparna%22">Gopalakrishnan, Aparna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scott%2C+Hannah%22">Scott, Hannah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seby%2C+Chris%22">Seby, Chris</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Victoria%22">Tang, Victoria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ostrin%2C+Lisa%22">Ostrin, Lisa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chakraborty%2C+Ranjay%22">Chakraborty, Ranjay</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. Nov2023, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1478-1490. 13p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Experimental models have implicated the role of melatonin circadian rhythm disruption in refractive error development. Recent studies have examined melatonin concentration and its diurnal patterns on refractive error with equivocal results. This systematic review aimed to summarise the literature on melatonin circadian rhythms in myopia. Recent Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, LILACS, Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for papers between January 2010 and December 2022 using defined search terms. Seven studies measured melatonin and circadian rhythms in three biological fluids (blood serum, saliva and urine) in both myopes and non‐myopes. Morning melatonin concentrations derived from blood serum varied significantly between studies in individuals aged 10–30 years, with a maximum of 89.45 pg/mL and a minimum of 5.43 pg/mL using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The diurnal variation of salivary melatonin was not significantly different between myopes and emmetropes when measured every 4 h for 24 h and quantified with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Significantly elevated salivary melatonin concentrations were reported in myopes compared with emmetropes, aged 18–30 years when measured hourly from evening until their habitual bedtime using liquid chromatography. However, the relationship between dim light melatonin onset and refractive group was inconsistent between studies. The 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin concentration derived from overnight urine volume, measured using a double antibody radioimmunoassay, was found to be significantly lower in myopes (29.17 pg/mL) than emmetropes (42.51 pg/mL). Summary: The role of melatonin concentration and rhythm in myopia has not been studied extensively. This systematic review confirms conflicting findings across studies, with potential relationships existing. Future studies with uniform methodological approaches are required to ascertain the causal relationship between melatonin dysregulation and myopia in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Nov2023
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