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Neurocognition in children with cognitive disengagement syndrome: accurate but slow.

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Title: Neurocognition in children with cognitive disengagement syndrome: accurate but slow.
Authors: Tamm, Leanne (AUTHOR), Epstein, Jeffery N. (AUTHOR), Orban, Sarah A. (AUTHOR), Kofler, Michael J. (AUTHOR), Peugh, James L. (AUTHOR), Becker, Stephen P. (AUTHOR)
Source: Child Neuropsychology. Feb2024, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p221-240. 20p.
Subjects: Maladaptive daydreaming, Executive function, Visual discrimination, Income, Cognition, Youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Performance in children
Abstract: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), is characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and slowed behavior or thinking. Prior research has found inconsistent relations between CDS and neurocognition, though most studies have used small or ADHD-defined samples, non-optimal measures of CDS, and/or examined limited neurocognitive domains. Accordingly, this study examined the association of parent- and teacher-reported CDS symptoms using a comprehensive neurocognitive battery in a sample of 263 children (aged 8–12) selected with a range of CDS symptomatology. Parents and teachers provided ratings of CDS and ADHD inattentive (ADHD-IN) symptoms. Path analyses were conducted to examine CDS and ADHD-IN as unique predictors of neurocognitive functioning after covarying for age, sex, and family income. CDS symptoms were uniquely associated with slower performance across a range of cognitive domains, including verbal inhibition, rapid naming/reading, planning, divided attention, and set shifting. In contrast, ADHD-IN symptoms were uniquely associated with poorer performance on a Go/NoGo task (inhibition/distractibility), visual scanning and discrimination, and interference control. Findings from the current study, amongst the first to recruit children based on levels of CDS symptomatology, provide the strongest evidence to date that the neurocognitive phenotype of CDS is characterized by slowed cognitive processing, and add to its validity as a separate syndrome from ADHD. If replicated, these findings have implications for assessment, treatment, and school accommodations for CDS. Neuroimaging studies exploring the neurobiological basis of CDS are also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Neurocognition in children with cognitive disengagement syndrome: accurate but slow.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tamm%2C+Leanne%22">Tamm, Leanne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Epstein%2C+Jeffery+N%2E%22">Epstein, Jeffery N.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Orban%2C+Sarah+A%2E%22">Orban, Sarah A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kofler%2C+Michael+J%2E%22">Kofler, Michael J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peugh%2C+James+L%2E%22">Peugh, James L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Becker%2C+Stephen+P%2E%22">Becker, Stephen P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child+Neuropsychology%22">Child Neuropsychology</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p221-240. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maladaptive+daydreaming%22">Maladaptive daydreaming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+discrimination%22">Visual discrimination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Income%22">Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Youth+with+attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+in+children%22">Performance in children</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), is characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and slowed behavior or thinking. Prior research has found inconsistent relations between CDS and neurocognition, though most studies have used small or ADHD-defined samples, non-optimal measures of CDS, and/or examined limited neurocognitive domains. Accordingly, this study examined the association of parent- and teacher-reported CDS symptoms using a comprehensive neurocognitive battery in a sample of 263 children (aged 8–12) selected with a range of CDS symptomatology. Parents and teachers provided ratings of CDS and ADHD inattentive (ADHD-IN) symptoms. Path analyses were conducted to examine CDS and ADHD-IN as unique predictors of neurocognitive functioning after covarying for age, sex, and family income. CDS symptoms were uniquely associated with slower performance across a range of cognitive domains, including verbal inhibition, rapid naming/reading, planning, divided attention, and set shifting. In contrast, ADHD-IN symptoms were uniquely associated with poorer performance on a Go/NoGo task (inhibition/distractibility), visual scanning and discrimination, and interference control. Findings from the current study, amongst the first to recruit children based on levels of CDS symptomatology, provide the strongest evidence to date that the neurocognitive phenotype of CDS is characterized by slowed cognitive processing, and add to its validity as a separate syndrome from ADHD. If replicated, these findings have implications for assessment, treatment, and school accommodations for CDS. Neuroimaging studies exploring the neurobiological basis of CDS are also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2185215
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Executive function
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      – SubjectFull: Visual discrimination
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      – SubjectFull: Income
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      – SubjectFull: Youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Performance in children
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      – TitleFull: Neurocognition in children with cognitive disengagement syndrome: accurate but slow.
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              Text: Feb2024
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              Y: 2024
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