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Associations of conservatism and jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network.

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Title: Associations of conservatism and jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network.
Authors: Miyata, Jun (AUTHOR), Sasamoto, Akihiko (AUTHOR), Ezaki, Takahiro (AUTHOR), Isobe, Masanori (AUTHOR), Kochiyama, Takanori (AUTHOR), Masuda, Naoki (AUTHOR), Mori, Yasuo (AUTHOR), Sakai, Yuki (AUTHOR), Sawamoto, Nobukatsu (AUTHOR), Tei, Shisei (AUTHOR), Ubukata, Shiho (AUTHOR), Aso, Toshihiko (AUTHOR), Murai, Toshiya (AUTHOR), Takahashi, Hidehiko (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences. May2024, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p322-331. 10p.
Subjects: Default mode network, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Independent component analysis, Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract: Aim: While conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision‐making than rational thinking expects, the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias refers to the need for less evidence among individuals with schizophrenia/delusion compared to healthy people. Although the hippocampus‐midbrain‐striatal aberrant salience system and the salience, default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal networks ("triple networks") are implicated in delusion/schizophrenia pathophysiology, the associations between conservatism/JTC and these systems/networks are unclear. Methods: Thirty‐seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large and small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) indicating conservatism and JTC, respectively. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. For systems/networks above, we investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD. We similarly applied ICA to structural and diffusion MRI to explore the associations between DTD and gray/white matter. Results: We identified a significant main effect of DTD with functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN, which was negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients, indicating that the greater the anti‐correlation between these networks, the stronger the JTC and delusion. We further observed the main effects of DTD on a gray matter network resembling the DMN, and a white matter network connecting the functional and gray matter networks (all P < 0.05, family‐wise error [FWE] correction). Function and gray/white matter showed no significant interactions. Conclusion: Our results support the novel association of conservatism and JTC biases with aberrant salience and default brain mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Associations of conservatism and jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aim: While conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision‐making than rational thinking expects, the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias refers to the need for less evidence among individuals with schizophrenia/delusion compared to healthy people. Although the hippocampus‐midbrain‐striatal aberrant salience system and the salience, default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal networks (&quot;triple networks&quot;) are implicated in delusion/schizophrenia pathophysiology, the associations between conservatism/JTC and these systems/networks are unclear. Methods: Thirty‐seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large and small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) indicating conservatism and JTC, respectively. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. For systems/networks above, we investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD. We similarly applied ICA to structural and diffusion MRI to explore the associations between DTD and gray/white matter. Results: We identified a significant main effect of DTD with functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN, which was negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients, indicating that the greater the anti‐correlation between these networks, the stronger the JTC and delusion. We further observed the main effects of DTD on a gray matter network resembling the DMN, and a white matter network connecting the functional and gray matter networks (all P &lt; 0.05, family‐wise error [FWE] correction). Function and gray/white matter showed no significant interactions. Conclusion: Our results support the novel association of conservatism and JTC biases with aberrant salience and default brain mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Psychiatry &amp; Clinical Neurosciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/pcn.13652
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 322
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      – SubjectFull: Default mode network
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Independent component analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
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              Text: May2024
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              Y: 2024
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