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Effect of processing speed and memory performance on classification accuracy of the dot counting test in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample.

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Title: Effect of processing speed and memory performance on classification accuracy of the dot counting test in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample.
Authors: Phillips, Matthew S. (AUTHOR), Wisinger, Amanda M. (AUTHOR), Cerny, Brian M. (AUTHOR), Khan, Humza (AUTHOR), Chang, Fini (AUTHOR), Tse, Ka Yin Phoebe (AUTHOR), Ovsiew, Gabriel P. (AUTHOR), Resch, Zachary J. (AUTHOR), Shapiro, Greg (AUTHOR), Soble, Jason R. (AUTHOR), Jennette, Kyle J. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology. Jul2024, Vol. 46 Issue 5, p522-534. 13p.
Subjects: Cognitive processing speed, Cognitive neuroscience, Memory disorders, Test validity, Cognition disorders
Abstract: Objective: This study examined the impact of impairment in two specific cognitive abilities, processing speed and memory, on Dot Counting Test (DCT) classification accuracy by evaluating performance validity classification accuracy across cognitively unimpaired, single-domain impairment, and multidomain impairment subgroups within a mixed clinical sample. Method: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 348 adult outpatients classified as valid (n = 284) or invalid (n = 64) based on four independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). Unimpaired (n = 164), single-domain processing speed impairment (n = 24), single-domain memory impairment (n = 53), and multidomain processing speed and memory impairment (n = 43) clinical subgroups were established among the valid group. Both the traditional DCT E-score and unrounded E-score were examined. Results: Overall, the DCT demonstrated acceptable to excellent classification accuracy across the unimpaired (area under the curve [AUC] traditional E-score=.855; unrounded E-score=.855) and single-domain impairment groups (traditional E-score AUCs =.690–.754; unrounded E-score AUCs =.692–747). However, it did not reliably discriminate the multidomain processing speed and memory impairment group from the invalid performers (traditional and unrounded E-scores AUC =.557). Conclusions: Findings support the DCT as a non-memory-based freestanding PVT for use with single-domain cognitive impairment, with traditional E-score ≥17 (unrounded E-score ≥16.95) recommended for those with memory impairment and traditional E-score ≥19 (unrounded ≥18.08) with processing speed impairment. Moreover, results replicated previously established optimal cutoffs for unimpaired groups using both the traditional (≥14) and unrounded (≥13.84) E-scores. However, the DCT did not reliably discriminate between invalid performance and multidomain cognitive impairment, indicating caution is warranted when using the DCT with patients suspected of greater cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Effect of processing speed and memory performance on classification accuracy of the dot counting test in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phillips%2C+Matthew+S%2E%22">Phillips, Matthew S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wisinger%2C+Amanda+M%2E%22">Wisinger, Amanda M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cerny%2C+Brian+M%2E%22">Cerny, Brian M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Humza%22">Khan, Humza</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chang%2C+Fini%22">Chang, Fini</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tse%2C+Ka+Yin+Phoebe%22">Tse, Ka Yin Phoebe</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ovsiew%2C+Gabriel+P%2E%22">Ovsiew, Gabriel P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Resch%2C+Zachary+J%2E%22">Resch, Zachary J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shapiro%2C+Greg%22">Shapiro, Greg</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soble%2C+Jason+R%2E%22">Soble, Jason R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jennette%2C+Kyle+J%2E%22">Jennette, Kyle J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Clinical+%26+Experimental+Neuropsychology%22">Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology</searchLink>. Jul2024, Vol. 46 Issue 5, p522-534. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+processing+speed%22">Cognitive processing speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+neuroscience%22">Cognitive neuroscience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory+disorders%22">Memory disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+validity%22">Test validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objective: This study examined the impact of impairment in two specific cognitive abilities, processing speed and memory, on Dot Counting Test (DCT) classification accuracy by evaluating performance validity classification accuracy across cognitively unimpaired, single-domain impairment, and multidomain impairment subgroups within a mixed clinical sample. Method: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 348 adult outpatients classified as valid (n = 284) or invalid (n = 64) based on four independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). Unimpaired (n = 164), single-domain processing speed impairment (n = 24), single-domain memory impairment (n = 53), and multidomain processing speed and memory impairment (n = 43) clinical subgroups were established among the valid group. Both the traditional DCT E-score and unrounded E-score were examined. Results: Overall, the DCT demonstrated acceptable to excellent classification accuracy across the unimpaired (area under the curve [AUC] traditional E-score=.855; unrounded E-score=.855) and single-domain impairment groups (traditional E-score AUCs =.690–.754; unrounded E-score AUCs =.692–747). However, it did not reliably discriminate the multidomain processing speed and memory impairment group from the invalid performers (traditional and unrounded E-scores AUC =.557). Conclusions: Findings support the DCT as a non-memory-based freestanding PVT for use with single-domain cognitive impairment, with traditional E-score ≥17 (unrounded E-score ≥16.95) recommended for those with memory impairment and traditional E-score ≥19 (unrounded ≥18.08) with processing speed impairment. Moreover, results replicated previously established optimal cutoffs for unimpaired groups using both the traditional (≥14) and unrounded (≥13.84) E-scores. However, the DCT did not reliably discriminate between invalid performance and multidomain cognitive impairment, indicating caution is warranted when using the DCT with patients suspected of greater cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2363978
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