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Sleepiness in retired male boxers: daytime sleepiness and its relationship with impulsiveness and depression symptomatology in retired professional male boxers.

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Title: Sleepiness in retired male boxers: daytime sleepiness and its relationship with impulsiveness and depression symptomatology in retired professional male boxers.
Authors: Esagoff, Aaron I., Shaw, Jacob S., Bray, Michael J.C, Raj, Divyaansh, Vankara, Ashish, Narapareddy, Bharat R., Bernick, Charles B., Peters, Matthew E.
Source: International Review of Psychiatry. May2024, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p243-253. 11p.
Subjects: Mental depression risk factors, Boxing, Risk assessment, Contact sports, Boxing injuries, Retirement, Questionnaires, Professional athletes, Hypersomnia, Descriptive statistics, Impulsive personality, Neuropsychology, Quality of life, Confidence intervals, Drowsiness, Brain injuries, Psychosocial factors, Disease complications
Abstract: Background: Boxing exposes fighters to head impacts and potential traumatic brain injury (TBI). Though research has explored the neuropsychiatric consequences of contact sports, there is limited research into Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and its relationship to other outcomes, such as impulsiveness and depression. Therefore, this study aimed to describe EDS in retired boxers using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and to examine how boxing and sleepiness relate to impulsiveness and depression symptomatology. Methods: 86 male retired professional boxers from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study (PFBHS) met the inclusion criteria. Adjusted multivariable models analyzed relationships between professional boxing bouts, EDS (ESS), impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11)), and/or depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)). A causal mediation analysis was performed to assess whether boxing bouts and ESS scores predicted BIS-11 and PHQ-9 scores. Results: Mean age was ∼51 years, fighters averaged ∼36 professional bouts, and ESS mean(SD) was 7.5(5.3). ESS scores were significantly associated with raw BIS-11 (Beta = 1.26, 95%CI = 0.77–1.75, p < 0.001) and ordinal PHQ-9 (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001) scores in adjusted models, and the significant relationship between boxing bouts and BIS-11/PHQ-9 was mediated by ESS. Conclusions: EDS in retired male professional boxers may be strongly associated with other neuropsychiatric sequelae of TBI (impulsiveness and depression). Sleepiness; sleep; boxing; contact sports; impulsiveness; impulsivity; depression; Epworth sleepiness scale box [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Sleepiness in retired male boxers: daytime sleepiness and its relationship with impulsiveness and depression symptomatology in retired professional male boxers.
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  Data: Background: Boxing exposes fighters to head impacts and potential traumatic brain injury (TBI). Though research has explored the neuropsychiatric consequences of contact sports, there is limited research into Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and its relationship to other outcomes, such as impulsiveness and depression. Therefore, this study aimed to describe EDS in retired boxers using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and to examine how boxing and sleepiness relate to impulsiveness and depression symptomatology. Methods: 86 male retired professional boxers from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study (PFBHS) met the inclusion criteria. Adjusted multivariable models analyzed relationships between professional boxing bouts, EDS (ESS), impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11)), and/or depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)). A causal mediation analysis was performed to assess whether boxing bouts and ESS scores predicted BIS-11 and PHQ-9 scores. Results: Mean age was ∼51 years, fighters averaged ∼36 professional bouts, and ESS mean(SD) was 7.5(5.3). ESS scores were significantly associated with raw BIS-11 (Beta = 1.26, 95%CI = 0.77–1.75, p &lt; 0.001) and ordinal PHQ-9 (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.11–1.31, p &lt; 0.001) scores in adjusted models, and the significant relationship between boxing bouts and BIS-11/PHQ-9 was mediated by ESS. Conclusions: EDS in retired male professional boxers may be strongly associated with other neuropsychiatric sequelae of TBI (impulsiveness and depression). Sleepiness; sleep; boxing; contact sports; impulsiveness; impulsivity; depression; Epworth sleepiness scale box [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09540261.2024.2364027
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 243
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Boxing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Contact sports
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Boxing injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retirement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Professional athletes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypersomnia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impulsive personality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuropsychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality of life
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drowsiness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
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              Text: May2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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