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The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self‐harm and depression: findings from three UK prospective population‐based cohorts.

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Title: The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self‐harm and depression: findings from three UK prospective population‐based cohorts.
Authors: Farooq, Bushra, Russell, Abigail E., Howe, Laura D., Herbert, Annie, Smith, Andrew D.A.C., Fisher, Helen L., Baldwin, Jessie R., Arseneault, Louise, Danese, Andrea, Mars, Becky
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Oct2024, Vol. 65 Issue 10, p1369-1387. 19p.
Subjects: Mental depression risk factors, Self-injurious behavior, Risk assessment, Parents, Mental health, Multiple regression analysis, Questionnaires, Multivariate analysis, Descriptive statistics, Longitudinal method, Odds ratio, Environmental exposure, Mathematical models, Life course approach, Theory, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Adverse childhood experiences, Time, Adolescence
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well‐established risk factors for self‐harm and depression. However, despite their high comorbidity, there has been little focus on the impact of developmental timing and the duration of exposure to ACEs on co‐occurring self‐harm and depression. Methods: Data were utilised from over 22,000 children and adolescents participating in three UK cohorts, followed up longitudinally for 14–18 years: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations between each ACE type and a four‐category outcome: no self‐harm or depression, self‐harm alone, depression alone and self‐harm with co‐occurring depression. A structured life course modelling approach was used to examine whether the accumulation (duration) of exposure to each ACE, or a critical period (timing of ACEs) had the strongest effects on self‐harm and depression in adolescence. Results: The majority of ACEs were associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression, with consistent findings across cohorts. The importance of timing and duration of ACEs differed across ACEs and across cohorts. For parental mental health problems, longer duration of exposure was strongly associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression in both ALSPAC (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.25) and MCS (1.18, 1.11–1.26) cohorts. For other ACEs in ALSPAC, exposure in middle childhood was most strongly associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression, and ACE occurrence in early childhood and adolescence was more important in the MCS. Conclusions: Efforts to mitigate the impact of ACEs should start in early life with continued support throughout childhood, to prevent long‐term exposure to ACEs contributing to risk of self‐harm and depression in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self‐harm and depression: findings from three UK prospective population‐based cohorts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Farooq%2C+Bushra%22">Farooq, Bushra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Russell%2C+Abigail+E%2E%22">Russell, Abigail E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Howe%2C+Laura+D%2E%22">Howe, Laura D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Herbert%2C+Annie%22">Herbert, Annie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+Andrew+D%2EA%2EC%2E%22">Smith, Andrew D.A.C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fisher%2C+Helen+L%2E%22">Fisher, Helen L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baldwin%2C+Jessie+R%2E%22">Baldwin, Jessie R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arseneault%2C+Louise%22">Arseneault, Louise</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Danese%2C+Andrea%22">Danese, Andrea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mars%2C+Becky%22">Mars, Becky</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 65 Issue 10, p1369-1387. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression+risk+factors%22">Mental depression risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-injurious+behavior%22">Self-injurious behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parents%22">Parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+regression+analysis%22">Multiple regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Life+course+approach%22">Life course approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Theory%22">Theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adverse+childhood+experiences%22">Adverse childhood experiences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well‐established risk factors for self‐harm and depression. However, despite their high comorbidity, there has been little focus on the impact of developmental timing and the duration of exposure to ACEs on co‐occurring self‐harm and depression. Methods: Data were utilised from over 22,000 children and adolescents participating in three UK cohorts, followed up longitudinally for 14–18 years: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations between each ACE type and a four‐category outcome: no self‐harm or depression, self‐harm alone, depression alone and self‐harm with co‐occurring depression. A structured life course modelling approach was used to examine whether the accumulation (duration) of exposure to each ACE, or a critical period (timing of ACEs) had the strongest effects on self‐harm and depression in adolescence. Results: The majority of ACEs were associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression, with consistent findings across cohorts. The importance of timing and duration of ACEs differed across ACEs and across cohorts. For parental mental health problems, longer duration of exposure was strongly associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression in both ALSPAC (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.25) and MCS (1.18, 1.11–1.26) cohorts. For other ACEs in ALSPAC, exposure in middle childhood was most strongly associated with co‐occurring self‐harm and depression, and ACE occurrence in early childhood and adolescence was more important in the MCS. Conclusions: Efforts to mitigate the impact of ACEs should start in early life with continued support throughout childhood, to prevent long‐term exposure to ACEs contributing to risk of self‐harm and depression in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.13986
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Self-injurious behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Parents
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental exposure
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
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              Text: Oct2024
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