Psychiatric Experiments with "Community" Under Dictatorship and Authoritarianism: The Case of the Protected Commune Experience, 1980–1989.
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| Title: | Psychiatric Experiments with "Community" Under Dictatorship and Authoritarianism: The Case of the Protected Commune Experience, 1980–1989. |
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| Authors: | Montenegro, Cristian (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry. Dec2024, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p677-698. 22p. |
| Subjects: | Military government, Authoritarianism, Health care reform, Public services, Mental work |
| Abstract: | In Chile, a long and oppressive military regime (1973–1990) dismantled emergent initiatives for the deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric care, imposing a neoliberal constitution that opened public services to market forces and limited the state's role in health and social care. After being associated with communism and socialism, community-based mental health work was banned, and socialist psychiatrists were silenced through torture or exile. However, some therapeutic initiatives persisted, such as the "Protected Commune" (PC) initiative within the El Peral psychiatric asylum. The PC attempted to mimic a real town inside the asylum's gated perimeter. It featured an ecumenical chapel, a school, and various "council" departments like recreation, education, waste, economy, and health. Paths received names, wards became districts, and patients and workers were assigned new, democratic roles, all while the authoritarian regime entirely controlled the "outside" world. The initiative ceased with the return of democracy in 1990. Deemed an eccentric and negligible episode, the PC is often seen as an interruption to the radical community-based experiences of the pre-dictatorial era. Drawing on archival research and oral history interviews with participants, this paper examines how the PC harnessed the notion of community to navigate the complex socio-political landscape of the dictatorship. Differing from established accounts of the political uses of psychiatry under authoritarianism, the study positions the PC as a prism for understanding the contradictory ways in which the idea of 'community' has been able to transcend radically opposed social and political regimes, becoming a core feature in the vocabulary of mental health reform, despite its ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 180934837 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Psychiatric Experiments with "Community" Under Dictatorship and Authoritarianism: The Case of the Protected Commune Experience, 1980–1989. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Montenegro%2C+Cristian%22">Montenegro, Cristian</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Culture%2C+Medicine+%26+Psychiatry%22">Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p677-698. 22p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Military+government%22">Military government</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Authoritarianism%22">Authoritarianism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+care+reform%22">Health care reform</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+services%22">Public services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+work%22">Mental work</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In Chile, a long and oppressive military regime (1973–1990) dismantled emergent initiatives for the deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric care, imposing a neoliberal constitution that opened public services to market forces and limited the state's role in health and social care. After being associated with communism and socialism, community-based mental health work was banned, and socialist psychiatrists were silenced through torture or exile. However, some therapeutic initiatives persisted, such as the "Protected Commune" (PC) initiative within the El Peral psychiatric asylum. The PC attempted to mimic a real town inside the asylum's gated perimeter. It featured an ecumenical chapel, a school, and various "council" departments like recreation, education, waste, economy, and health. Paths received names, wards became districts, and patients and workers were assigned new, democratic roles, all while the authoritarian regime entirely controlled the "outside" world. The initiative ceased with the return of democracy in 1990. Deemed an eccentric and negligible episode, the PC is often seen as an interruption to the radical community-based experiences of the pre-dictatorial era. Drawing on archival research and oral history interviews with participants, this paper examines how the PC harnessed the notion of community to navigate the complex socio-political landscape of the dictatorship. Differing from established accounts of the political uses of psychiatry under authoritarianism, the study positions the PC as a prism for understanding the contradictory ways in which the idea of 'community' has been able to transcend radically opposed social and political regimes, becoming a core feature in the vocabulary of mental health reform, despite its ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=180934837 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11013-024-09868-2 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 677 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Military government Type: general – SubjectFull: Authoritarianism Type: general – SubjectFull: Health care reform Type: general – SubjectFull: Public services Type: general – SubjectFull: Mental work Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Psychiatric Experiments with "Community" Under Dictatorship and Authoritarianism: The Case of the Protected Commune Experience, 1980–1989. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Montenegro, Cristian IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0165005X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 48 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry Type: main |
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