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Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis.

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Title: Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis.
Authors: Pauluka, Elton, Ceolin, Luize Souto, Fontanela, Laís Coan, dos Santos, Adriana Neves
Source: Child: Care, Health & Development. Jan2025, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Motor ability, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Exercise therapy, CINAHL database, Functional assessment, Cerebral palsy, Meta-analysis, Descriptive statistics, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Aquatic exercises, Medical databases, Inferential statistics, Comparative studies, Online information services, Confidence intervals, Adolescence, Children
Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to compare gross motor function between aquatic‐ and land‐based exercises in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The authors conducted an electronic search of nine databases from their inception to 21 November 2024 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020194121). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving aquatic‐based exercises for children and adolescents with CP, assessing gross motor function using standardized scales or tests. Three authors independently extracted data using a predetermined Excel form. The risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro scale. The body of evidence was synthesized using the GRADE approach. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the Revman 5.3 program. Results: A total of 369 children aged 2–18 years from 15 studies were included. Most participants were ambulatory and classified as having spastic hemiparetic or diparetic CP. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes. Aquatic‐based exercises were categorized as aquatic physical therapy, Halliwick, swimming exercises, gait training and exercises. Low‐quality evidence indicated that aquatic physical therapy resulted in higher gross motor function than land‐based exercises (SMD = 0.47, n = 93, 4 trials, I2 = 5%, p = 0.03), with a small effect size. No significant differences were found for Halliwick or swimming exercises. Interpretation: There is low‐quality evidence, because of high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency, suggesting that aquatic‐based exercises are comparable with land‐based exercises. Future research should focus on well‐designed interventions with adequate sample sizes to compare the combination of aquatic‐ and land‐based therapies with land‐based therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child%3A+Care%2C+Health+%26+Development%22">Child: Care, Health & Development</searchLink>. Jan2025, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Medical information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exercise+therapy%22">Exercise therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CINAHL+database%22">CINAHL database</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+assessment%22">Functional assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+palsy%22">Cerebral palsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meta-analysis%22">Meta-analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aquatic+exercises%22">Aquatic exercises</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+databases%22">Medical databases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inferential+statistics%22">Inferential statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
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  Data: Aim: This study aimed to compare gross motor function between aquatic‐ and land‐based exercises in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The authors conducted an electronic search of nine databases from their inception to 21 November 2024 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020194121). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving aquatic‐based exercises for children and adolescents with CP, assessing gross motor function using standardized scales or tests. Three authors independently extracted data using a predetermined Excel form. The risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro scale. The body of evidence was synthesized using the GRADE approach. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the Revman 5.3 program. Results: A total of 369 children aged 2–18 years from 15 studies were included. Most participants were ambulatory and classified as having spastic hemiparetic or diparetic CP. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes. Aquatic‐based exercises were categorized as aquatic physical therapy, Halliwick, swimming exercises, gait training and exercises. Low‐quality evidence indicated that aquatic physical therapy resulted in higher gross motor function than land‐based exercises (SMD = 0.47, n = 93, 4 trials, I2 = 5%, p = 0.03), with a small effect size. No significant differences were found for Halliwick or swimming exercises. Interpretation: There is low‐quality evidence, because of high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency, suggesting that aquatic‐based exercises are comparable with land‐based exercises. Future research should focus on well‐designed interventions with adequate sample sizes to compare the combination of aquatic‐ and land‐based therapies with land‐based therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/cch.70023
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Exercise therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CINAHL database
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cerebral palsy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meta-analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aquatic exercises
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical databases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inferential statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Online information services
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis.
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            NameFull: Pauluka, Elton
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            NameFull: Ceolin, Luize Souto
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            NameFull: Fontanela, Laís Coan
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              Text: Jan2025
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              Y: 2025
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