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Sleep in Military Submariners: Exploring its Dynamics in Relation to a Submarine Mission and Interaction with Psychological Factors.

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Title: Sleep in Military Submariners: Exploring its Dynamics in Relation to a Submarine Mission and Interaction with Psychological Factors.
Authors: Fernandes, Carina (AUTHOR), Maruta, Carolina (AUTHOR), Marques-Dias, Catarina M (AUTHOR), Reis, Cátia (AUTHOR)
Source: Behavioral Sleep Medicine. Jul/Aug2025, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p526-539. 14p.
Subjects: Sleep duration, Sleep interruptions, Sleep quality, Psychological factors, Personality, Extraversion
Abstract: Introduction: Operational work contexts promote sleep and circadian disturbances, especially in extreme environments. To identify mitigation factors, this study aimed to explore submariners' sleep changes in relation to a mission and association with different psychological factors. Methods: Thirty military submariners were evaluated in real-life conditions on three consecutive periods: pre-mission/baseline, submarine mission, post-mission/recovery. Sleep duration, quality, and sleepiness were collected continuously via diary and actigraphy. Personality traits, coping strategies, locus of control, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed through questionnaires. Results: During the mission, there was a significant decrease in sleep duration and quality and increase in sleepiness compared with baseline, recovering post-mission. Submariners slept a median of 55 minutes less than before the mission and 91 minutes less than after the mission. They also rated their sleep quality 0.45 points lower, while reporting 1.85 points higher sleepiness at the beginning of work shifts. Higher work satisfaction and extraversion trait score correlated with better scores on subjective sleep variables during the mission. Higher neuroticism trait and avoidant coping style had a negative impact on sleep-related parameters in all periods, mediated by anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Psychological factors are relevant for sleep in extreme occupational settings, especially regarding subjective parameters, and even in highly selected and trained populations, potentially informing intervention opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Behavioral Sleep Medicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Sleep in Military Submariners: Exploring its Dynamics in Relation to a Submarine Mission and Interaction with Psychological Factors.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandes%2C+Carina%22">Fernandes, Carina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maruta%2C+Carolina%22">Maruta, Carolina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marques-Dias%2C+Catarina+M%22">Marques-Dias, Catarina M</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reis%2C+Cátia%22">Reis, Cátia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Behavioral+Sleep+Medicine%22">Behavioral Sleep Medicine</searchLink>. Jul/Aug2025, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p526-539. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+duration%22">Sleep duration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+interruptions%22">Sleep interruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+quality%22">Sleep quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+factors%22">Psychological factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality%22">Personality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extraversion%22">Extraversion</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Operational work contexts promote sleep and circadian disturbances, especially in extreme environments. To identify mitigation factors, this study aimed to explore submariners' sleep changes in relation to a mission and association with different psychological factors. Methods: Thirty military submariners were evaluated in real-life conditions on three consecutive periods: pre-mission/baseline, submarine mission, post-mission/recovery. Sleep duration, quality, and sleepiness were collected continuously via diary and actigraphy. Personality traits, coping strategies, locus of control, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed through questionnaires. Results: During the mission, there was a significant decrease in sleep duration and quality and increase in sleepiness compared with baseline, recovering post-mission. Submariners slept a median of 55 minutes less than before the mission and 91 minutes less than after the mission. They also rated their sleep quality 0.45 points lower, while reporting 1.85 points higher sleepiness at the beginning of work shifts. Higher work satisfaction and extraversion trait score correlated with better scores on subjective sleep variables during the mission. Higher neuroticism trait and avoidant coping style had a negative impact on sleep-related parameters in all periods, mediated by anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Psychological factors are relevant for sleep in extreme occupational settings, especially regarding subjective parameters, and even in highly selected and trained populations, potentially informing intervention opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Behavioral Sleep Medicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/15402002.2025.2493650
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 526
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      – SubjectFull: Sleep duration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep interruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality
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      – SubjectFull: Extraversion
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Sleep in Military Submariners: Exploring its Dynamics in Relation to a Submarine Mission and Interaction with Psychological Factors.
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            NameFull: Fernandes, Carina
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            NameFull: Maruta, Carolina
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            NameFull: Marques-Dias, Catarina M
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            NameFull: Reis, Cátia
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul/Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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