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Differential Associations Between Increasing Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms and More Frequent Methamphetamine Use, US, 2022–2023.

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Title: Differential Associations Between Increasing Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms and More Frequent Methamphetamine Use, US, 2022–2023.
Authors: Pro, George (AUTHOR), Ball, M. Alexander (AUTHOR), White, Rahem (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2025, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p1699-1708. 10p.
Subjects: Health services accessibility, Drug withdrawal symptoms, Methamphetamine, Institutional racism, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Race, Surveys, Opioid analgesics, Regression analysis, Disease risk factors, Symptoms
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Background: Methamphetamine is increasingly co-used with opioids. This is a worrisome combination that complicates addiction disease severity, increases overdose risk, exacerbates comorbidities, and strains the national healthcare system. Growing evidence suggests that some people co-use methamphetamine and opioids to temporarily relieve painful opioid withdrawal symptoms. A national epidemiologic profile of how, and for whom, opioid withdrawal may influence increased methamphetamine use is needed to inform interventions. Methods: We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health to identify individuals who used both methamphetamine and opioids in the past year (pooled 2022–2023; N = 572; weighted N = 1,494,223). Our outcome was the number of days a person reported using methamphetamine in the past year (1–365), predicted by the number of past-year opioid withdrawal symptoms (0–10). We used Poisson regression to model the number of methamphetamine days and included an interaction term between opioid withdrawal and race/ethnicity. We applied survey weights to obtain unbiased US population estimates. Results: The mean weighted number of methamphetamine days was 160, and the mean weighted opioid withdrawal sum score was 2.9 out of 10. For every increase in opioid withdrawal sum score, the rate of methamphetamine days increased 20% faster for Black individuals compared to White individuals (interaction p <.01). Conclusion: Despite reporting relatively infrequent methamphetamine use overall, our model predicted that Black individuals with high opioid withdrawal symptoms had an estimated 300 annual days using methamphetamine. We frame our findings around racial disparities and posit that access to opioid treatment may uniquely influence methamphetamine behavior for Black individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Differential Associations Between Increasing Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms and More Frequent Methamphetamine Use, US, 2022–2023.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22&quot;&gt;Substance Use &amp; Misuse&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2025, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p1699-1708. 10p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Health+services+accessibility%22&quot;&gt;Health services accessibility&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Drug+withdrawal+symptoms%22&quot;&gt;Drug withdrawal symptoms&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Methamphetamine%22&quot;&gt;Methamphetamine&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Institutional+racism%22&quot;&gt;Institutional racism&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Questionnaires%22&quot;&gt;Questionnaires&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Descriptive+statistics%22&quot;&gt;Descriptive statistics&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Race%22&quot;&gt;Race&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Surveys%22&quot;&gt;Surveys&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Opioid+analgesics%22&quot;&gt;Opioid analgesics&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Regression+analysis%22&quot;&gt;Regression analysis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Disease+risk+factors%22&quot;&gt;Disease risk factors&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Symptoms%22&quot;&gt;Symptoms&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Methamphetamine is increasingly co-used with opioids. This is a worrisome combination that complicates addiction disease severity, increases overdose risk, exacerbates comorbidities, and strains the national healthcare system. Growing evidence suggests that some people co-use methamphetamine and opioids to temporarily relieve painful opioid withdrawal symptoms. A national epidemiologic profile of how, and for whom, opioid withdrawal may influence increased methamphetamine use is needed to inform interventions. Methods: We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health to identify individuals who used both methamphetamine and opioids in the past year (pooled 2022–2023; N = 572; weighted N = 1,494,223). Our outcome was the number of days a person reported using methamphetamine in the past year (1–365), predicted by the number of past-year opioid withdrawal symptoms (0–10). We used Poisson regression to model the number of methamphetamine days and included an interaction term between opioid withdrawal and race/ethnicity. We applied survey weights to obtain unbiased US population estimates. Results: The mean weighted number of methamphetamine days was 160, and the mean weighted opioid withdrawal sum score was 2.9 out of 10. For every increase in opioid withdrawal sum score, the rate of methamphetamine days increased 20% faster for Black individuals compared to White individuals (interaction p &lt;.01). Conclusion: Despite reporting relatively infrequent methamphetamine use overall, our model predicted that Black individuals with high opioid withdrawal symptoms had an estimated 300 annual days using methamphetamine. We frame our findings around racial disparities and posit that access to opioid treatment may uniquely influence methamphetamine behavior for Black individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Substance Use &amp; Misuse is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10826084.2025.2513523
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1699
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug withdrawal symptoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methamphetamine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Institutional racism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Race
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surveys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Opioid analgesics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Symptoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Differential Associations Between Increasing Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms and More Frequent Methamphetamine Use, US, 2022–2023.
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            NameFull: Ball, M. Alexander
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            NameFull: White, Rahem
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              Text: 2025
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              Y: 2025
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