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Cognitive disengagement syndrome and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: Examining the moderating role of a negative interpretation bias.

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Title: Cognitive disengagement syndrome and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: Examining the moderating role of a negative interpretation bias.
Authors: Miller, Melissa C., Baron, Olivia R., Epstein, Jeffery N., Tamm, Leanne, Nyquist, Alex C., Becker, Stephen P.
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Sep2025, Vol. 66 Issue 9, p1366-1375. 10p.
Subjects: Social media, Psychotherapy, Child psychopathology, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Research funding, Socioeconomic factors, Interviewing, Rumination (Cognition), Research bias, Adolescent psychology, Longitudinal method, Research methodology, Statistics, Psychological tests, Medical screening, Mental depression, Cognition, Regression analysis
Abstract: Background: Despite previous research demonstrating an independent association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo) and depressive symptoms, studies have yet to examine what factors may moderate this link. A negative interpretation bias (i.e., maladaptive information processing whereby emotionally aversive meaning is perceived in ambiguous situations) is associated with the development and maintenance of depression and may moderate the association between CDS and depression. Using a multi‐informant, multi‐method design, this study examined whether negative interpretation bias exacerbated the association between CDS and depressive symptoms. Methods: 336 adolescents (ages 10–12 years; 52.7% female; 61.9% White) and their caregivers completed measures of CDS and depressive symptoms. Adolescents completed the Scrambled Sentences Test, a task‐based measure of interpretation bias. Regression analyses were conducted to examine interpretation bias as a potential moderator of the association between CDS and depressive symptoms. Results: For adolescent‐reported depressive symptoms, higher caregiver‐ and adolescent‐reported CDS symptoms and interpretation bias scores were each independently associated with higher depressive symptoms (all ps <.01), but CDS and interpretation bias did not interact in predicting depression (ps >.05). By contrast, significant CDS symptoms × interpretation bias interactions were found in models using both caregiver‐ and adolescent‐reported CDS symptoms in relation to caregiver‐reported depressive symptoms (ps =.01 and.003, respectively), such that CDS was more strongly associated with depression at higher levels of interpretation bias. Conclusions: Negative interpretation bias strengthens the association between CDS symptoms and depressive symptoms when depressive symptoms are rated by caregivers, but not by adolescents. Findings highlight the importance of multiple informants when examining CDS and internalizing symptoms, with a need for longitudinal research to examine CDS and interpretation bias in relation to the progression and maintenance of depression across adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cognitive disengagement syndrome and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: Examining the moderating role of a negative interpretation bias.
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  Data: Background: Despite previous research demonstrating an independent association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo) and depressive symptoms, studies have yet to examine what factors may moderate this link. A negative interpretation bias (i.e., maladaptive information processing whereby emotionally aversive meaning is perceived in ambiguous situations) is associated with the development and maintenance of depression and may moderate the association between CDS and depression. Using a multi‐informant, multi‐method design, this study examined whether negative interpretation bias exacerbated the association between CDS and depressive symptoms. Methods: 336 adolescents (ages 10–12 years; 52.7% female; 61.9% White) and their caregivers completed measures of CDS and depressive symptoms. Adolescents completed the Scrambled Sentences Test, a task‐based measure of interpretation bias. Regression analyses were conducted to examine interpretation bias as a potential moderator of the association between CDS and depressive symptoms. Results: For adolescent‐reported depressive symptoms, higher caregiver‐ and adolescent‐reported CDS symptoms and interpretation bias scores were each independently associated with higher depressive symptoms (all ps &lt;.01), but CDS and interpretation bias did not interact in predicting depression (ps &gt;.05). By contrast, significant CDS symptoms &#215; interpretation bias interactions were found in models using both caregiver‐ and adolescent‐reported CDS symptoms in relation to caregiver‐reported depressive symptoms (ps =.01 and.003, respectively), such that CDS was more strongly associated with depression at higher levels of interpretation bias. Conclusions: Negative interpretation bias strengthens the association between CDS symptoms and depressive symptoms when depressive symptoms are rated by caregivers, but not by adolescents. Findings highlight the importance of multiple informants when examining CDS and internalizing symptoms, with a need for longitudinal research to examine CDS and interpretation bias in relation to the progression and maintenance of depression across adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology &amp; Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.14156
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1366
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Social media
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child psychopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
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      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Rumination (Cognition)
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      – SubjectFull: Research bias
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescent psychology
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – TitleFull: Cognitive disengagement syndrome and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: Examining the moderating role of a negative interpretation bias.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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