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The impact of virtual reality on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and fetal outcomes among pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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Title: The impact of virtual reality on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and fetal outcomes among pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Baradwan, Saeed, Khadawardi, Khalid, Hamid, Omaima A, Baradwan, Afnan, Alanazi, Noor, Abdelwahed, Rania Mahfouz, Elshabrawi, Mohamed Nasser, Elbeltagy, Enas Sabry Fathy, Mohamed, Somaia Ragab Eid, Mohamed, Samar Shaban Abd Elazim, Abdelhakim, Ahmed Mohamed, Abdelhamed, Sameh Abdelmoneim
Source: Health Care for Women International. 2025, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p1047-1062. 16p.
Subjects: Anxiety prevention, Satisfaction, Questionnaires, Acceleration (Mechanics), Pregnant women, Meta-analysis, Chi-squared test, Virtual reality, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Odds ratio, Maternal-fetal exchange, Fetal monitoring, Medical databases, Fetal heart rate, Online information services, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Fetal heart rate monitoring, Physiological effects of acceleration
Geographic Terms: Turkey, Spain
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the impact of virtual reality (VR) on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and fetal physiological parameters during non-stress test (NST) in pregnant women. We conducted an extensive search across numerous databases to identify eligible studies from inception to April 2024. Researchers included randomized trials that compared VR intervention during NSTs in the third trimester with control groups. Data were analyzed through meta-analysis using Revman software. We identified four trials, encompassing 681 patients, that met the inclusion criteria. The VR group had significantly reduced anxiety levels and increased maternal satisfaction during NSTs. Furthermore, the VR group demonstrated higher basal fetal heart rate and more accelerations compared to the control group. Pregnant women in the VR group were also more likely to achieve a reactive NST, with a shorter duration of reactivity. Overall, VR use during NSTs effectively reduces maternal anxiety, enhances satisfaction, and improves fetal physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Health Care for Women International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The impact of virtual reality on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and fetal outcomes among pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Health+Care+for+Women+International%22">Health Care for Women International</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p1047-1062. 16p.
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  Data: We aimed to investigate the impact of virtual reality (VR) on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and fetal physiological parameters during non-stress test (NST) in pregnant women. We conducted an extensive search across numerous databases to identify eligible studies from inception to April 2024. Researchers included randomized trials that compared VR intervention during NSTs in the third trimester with control groups. Data were analyzed through meta-analysis using Revman software. We identified four trials, encompassing 681 patients, that met the inclusion criteria. The VR group had significantly reduced anxiety levels and increased maternal satisfaction during NSTs. Furthermore, the VR group demonstrated higher basal fetal heart rate and more accelerations compared to the control group. Pregnant women in the VR group were also more likely to achieve a reactive NST, with a shorter duration of reactivity. Overall, VR use during NSTs effectively reduces maternal anxiety, enhances satisfaction, and improves fetal physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Health Care for Women International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=187780150
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/07399332.2025.2454588
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Acceleration (Mechanics)
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      – SubjectFull: Meta-analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Virtual reality
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      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
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      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
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      – SubjectFull: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Maternal-fetal exchange
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      – SubjectFull: Fetal monitoring
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      – SubjectFull: Medical databases
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      – SubjectFull: Fetal heart rate
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Fetal heart rate monitoring
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