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Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: a psychology of religion perspective.

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Title: Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: a psychology of religion perspective.
Authors: Alkhouri, Khader I.
Source: International Review of Psychiatry. Aug2025, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p540-553. 14p.
Subjects: Conceptual models, Artificial intelligence, Culture, Planned behavior theory, Uncertainty, Psychology & religion, Philosophy, Behavior, Communities, Natural language processing, Industries, Thematic analysis, Psychology, Spirituality, Conceptual structures, Biological psychiatry, Theory of knowledge, Research, Robotics, Affect (Psychology), Case studies, Machine learning, Religious leaders, Cognition, Algorithms
Abstract: The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented challenges to traditional religious understanding and practice, especially in terms of religious experience and psychological behavioural patterns. This study examines the various dimensions of spiritual confusion arising from AI integration across diverse religious traditions, employing a psychology of religion framework alongside Western and Eastern philosophical spectrums, enriched by psychobiographical analyses of religious practitioners' developmental trajectories in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), with particular focus on the implications of artificial intelligence. Our research reveals AI's significant impact on religious life across cognitive, affective, and behavioural extent, while considering epistemological and theological conclusions. Case studies of robotic religious figures, AI applications, and virtual communities demonstrate both opportunities and challenges in technological–spiritual integration, with particular attention to psychological processes in religious meaning-making and community formation. The findings emphasize the psychological aspects of preserving authentic religious experiences in AI-mediated environments, illuminated by psychobiographical insights into how personal spiritual development trajectories shape technological adaptation. This study suggests that navigating spiritual confusion requires comprehensive frameworks that address both individual religious psychology and institutional adaptation to technological change, while acknowledging the unique life-course developmental patterns that influence spiritual–technological integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: a psychology of religion perspective.
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  Data: The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented challenges to traditional religious understanding and practice, especially in terms of religious experience and psychological behavioural patterns. This study examines the various dimensions of spiritual confusion arising from AI integration across diverse religious traditions, employing a psychology of religion framework alongside Western and Eastern philosophical spectrums, enriched by psychobiographical analyses of religious practitioners' developmental trajectories in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), with particular focus on the implications of artificial intelligence. Our research reveals AI's significant impact on religious life across cognitive, affective, and behavioural extent, while considering epistemological and theological conclusions. Case studies of robotic religious figures, AI applications, and virtual communities demonstrate both opportunities and challenges in technological–spiritual integration, with particular attention to psychological processes in religious meaning-making and community formation. The findings emphasize the psychological aspects of preserving authentic religious experiences in AI-mediated environments, illuminated by psychobiographical insights into how personal spiritual development trajectories shape technological adaptation. This study suggests that navigating spiritual confusion requires comprehensive frameworks that address both individual religious psychology and institutional adaptation to technological change, while acknowledging the unique life-course developmental patterns that influence spiritual–technological integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/09540261.2025.2488761
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 540
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Conceptual models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Culture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planned behavior theory
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      – SubjectFull: Uncertainty
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      – SubjectFull: Communities
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      – SubjectFull: Natural language processing
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      – SubjectFull: Industries
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology
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      – SubjectFull: Spirituality
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      – SubjectFull: Biological psychiatry
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      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
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      – SubjectFull: Religious leaders
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition
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      – SubjectFull: Algorithms
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      – TitleFull: Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: a psychology of religion perspective.
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              Text: Aug2025
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