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A Protocol for the Development and Validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Preterm Birth [PSAS‐PTB] and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [PSAS‐NICU].

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Title: A Protocol for the Development and Validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Preterm Birth [PSAS‐PTB] and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [PSAS‐NICU].
Authors: Worrall, Semra (AUTHOR), Christiansen, Paul (AUTHOR), Khalil, Asma (AUTHOR), Fallon, Victoria (AUTHOR), Silverio, Sergio A. (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. Sep2025, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p1-26. 26p.
Subjects: Postpartum anxiety, Premature infants, Research methodology, Cognitive interviewing, Maternal health, Neonatal intensive care units, Psychometrics, Stakeholder analysis
Abstract: Objectives: To describe the development and the methodology for validation of a new scale for postpartum anxiety for mothers of preterm infants, and a 'Velcro' sub‐scale of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale for use with mothers who have had infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: We undertook three forms of iterative psychometric development: (1) Patient and public involvement and engagement discussions with key clinical, academic, and lay stakeholders to understand the needs for modifying the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Research Short Form for use in this population; (2) Expert panel ratings with clinical and academic stakeholders; and (3) Cognitive interviews with mothers to ensure items were relevant, comprehensive, and understandable. Planned studies must ensure the psychometric properties of these two new scales. Results: Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement discussions identified clear avenues for modification of the PSAS‐RSF, but the need for an additional NICU‐specific scale was clear. Experts rated the new items highly on their relevance. Cognitive interviews further ensured that items were well understood and that meaning was being interpreted in the intended manner. Only minor changes to the scales were implemented after each change. Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the process of developing and the subsequent proposed validation of postpartum‐specific tools for use with mothers of preterm infants and those with infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Clear avenues have been identified for the validation and implementation of both measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A Protocol for the Development and Validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Preterm Birth [PSAS‐PTB] and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [PSAS‐NICU].
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Worrall%2C+Semra%22">Worrall, Semra</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christiansen%2C+Paul%22">Christiansen, Paul</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khalil%2C+Asma%22">Khalil, Asma</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fallon%2C+Victoria%22">Fallon, Victoria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silverio%2C+Sergio+A%2E%22">Silverio, Sergio A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Methods+in+Psychiatric+Research%22">International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p1-26. 26p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Postpartum+anxiety%22">Postpartum anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Premature+infants%22">Premature infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+interviewing%22">Cognitive interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maternal+health%22">Maternal health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neonatal+intensive+care+units%22">Neonatal intensive care units</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stakeholder+analysis%22">Stakeholder analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives: To describe the development and the methodology for validation of a new scale for postpartum anxiety for mothers of preterm infants, and a 'Velcro' sub‐scale of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale for use with mothers who have had infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: We undertook three forms of iterative psychometric development: (1) Patient and public involvement and engagement discussions with key clinical, academic, and lay stakeholders to understand the needs for modifying the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Research Short Form for use in this population; (2) Expert panel ratings with clinical and academic stakeholders; and (3) Cognitive interviews with mothers to ensure items were relevant, comprehensive, and understandable. Planned studies must ensure the psychometric properties of these two new scales. Results: Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement discussions identified clear avenues for modification of the PSAS‐RSF, but the need for an additional NICU‐specific scale was clear. Experts rated the new items highly on their relevance. Cognitive interviews further ensured that items were well understood and that meaning was being interpreted in the intended manner. Only minor changes to the scales were implemented after each change. Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the process of developing and the subsequent proposed validation of postpartum‐specific tools for use with mothers of preterm infants and those with infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Clear avenues have been identified for the validation and implementation of both measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mpr.70032
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
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      – SubjectFull: Postpartum anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Premature infants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maternal health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neonatal intensive care units
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stakeholder analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Protocol for the Development and Validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Preterm Birth [PSAS‐PTB] and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale—Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [PSAS‐NICU].
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            NameFull: Worrall, Semra
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            NameFull: Christiansen, Paul
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            NameFull: Khalil, Asma
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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