Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

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Title: Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Marshall, Corinne (AUTHOR), Hoshi, Rosa (AUTHOR), Gregory, James (AUTHOR)
Source: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. Dec2025, Vol. 56 Issue 6, p1801-1823. 23p.
Subjects: Child behavior, Parent-child relationships, Autistic children, Parental sensitivity, Behavior disorders in children
Abstract: Growing interest in the links between parent–child relationships and child behavioural presentations in families of autistic children has led to an increased use of the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE) in autism research. This review focuses on studies exploring the relationships between parental EE and behavioural outcomes in autistic children. Electronic searches of six databases and grey literature wielded eight studies that met eligibility criteria. Study designs were a mixture of cross-sectional and longitudinal and quality of studies was variable. Parental criticism was largely positively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Warmth was mostly negatively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Preliminary evidence from one study showed paternal warmth to be significantly related to child behaviours, whilst child behaviours were also significantly related to paternal warmth, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Analysis of additional EE components produced variable results, however parental stress and depressive symptoms were consistently related to child behaviour, and preliminary evidence suggests a possible role of maternal education level and family cohesion. Outcomes were variable across FMSS coding systems and greater consistency in their application is needed in future research. The current findings suggest that parental EE has an important relationship with child behaviour and future intervention efforts may benefit from aiming to reduced EE in order to improve child outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child Psychiatry & Human Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marshall%2C+Corinne%22">Marshall, Corinne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoshi%2C+Rosa%22">Hoshi, Rosa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gregory%2C+James%22">Gregory, James</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child+Psychiatry+%26+Human+Development%22">Child Psychiatry & Human Development</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 56 Issue 6, p1801-1823. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+behavior%22">Child behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent-child+relationships%22">Parent-child relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autistic+children%22">Autistic children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parental+sensitivity%22">Parental sensitivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+disorders+in+children%22">Behavior disorders in children</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Growing interest in the links between parent–child relationships and child behavioural presentations in families of autistic children has led to an increased use of the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE) in autism research. This review focuses on studies exploring the relationships between parental EE and behavioural outcomes in autistic children. Electronic searches of six databases and grey literature wielded eight studies that met eligibility criteria. Study designs were a mixture of cross-sectional and longitudinal and quality of studies was variable. Parental criticism was largely positively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Warmth was mostly negatively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Preliminary evidence from one study showed paternal warmth to be significantly related to child behaviours, whilst child behaviours were also significantly related to paternal warmth, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Analysis of additional EE components produced variable results, however parental stress and depressive symptoms were consistently related to child behaviour, and preliminary evidence suggests a possible role of maternal education level and family cohesion. Outcomes were variable across FMSS coding systems and greater consistency in their application is needed in future research. The current findings suggest that parental EE has an important relationship with child behaviour and future intervention efforts may benefit from aiming to reduced EE in order to improve child outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child Psychiatry & Human Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10578-023-01660-4
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 23
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      – SubjectFull: Child behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent-child relationships
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autistic children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parental sensitivity
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior disorders in children
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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