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Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta burst stimulation versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Title: Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta burst stimulation versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Wen, Kai-si (AUTHOR), Song, Chang-chang (AUTHOR), Su, Zhi-ang (AUTHOR), Lu, Qiu-ling (AUTHOR), Deng, Can-jin (AUTHOR), Mai, Jian-xin (AUTHOR), Peng, Yue-xi (AUTHOR), Huang, Hai-dong (AUTHOR), Yang, Xin-hu (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. Mar2026, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p3-11. 9p.
Subjects: Schizophrenia treatment, Safety, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Research funding, Treatment effectiveness, Meta-analysis, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Medical databases, Online information services, Data analysis software, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems, Pathological psychology, Cognition, Evaluation
Abstract: Objective: This meta-analysis compares intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating schizophrenia, focusing on efficacy and safety. Methods: Data from seven randomised trials (N = 440) were analysed. Outcomes included symptom severity (PANSS scales), cognitive function and adverse events. Effect sizes were calculated using RevMan version 5.3. Results: No significant differences were observed for total psychopathology (SMD = −0.15), positive symptoms (SMD = 0.40) or general psychopathology (SMD = −0.58) (all p > 0.05). A reduction in negative symptoms was noted for iTBS compared to rTMS (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.03; p = 0.04; I2 = 70%). Three studies reported cognitive benefits with adjunctive iTBS (p < 0.05). Safety outcomes, including discontinuation rates (RR = 0.77) and adverse events (headache/dizziness/fatigue), showed no group differences (p = 0.26–0.54). Conclusions: iTBS shows specific efficacy for schizophrenia-related negative symptoms versus rTMS, with comparable safety. Larger trials are needed to confirm clinical applicability. Key points: iTBS is a safe and effective treatment option, potentially offering more effective relief of negative symptoms compared to rTMS. iTBS outperforms rTMS in reducing negative symptoms. In terms of total psychopathology, positive symptoms or general psychopathology, no significant differences were found between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta burst stimulation versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wen%2C+Kai-si%22&quot;&gt;Wen, Kai-si&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Song%2C+Chang-chang%22&quot;&gt;Song, Chang-chang&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Su%2C+Zhi-ang%22&quot;&gt;Su, Zhi-ang&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lu%2C+Qiu-ling%22&quot;&gt;Lu, Qiu-ling&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Deng%2C+Can-jin%22&quot;&gt;Deng, Can-jin&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mai%2C+Jian-xin%22&quot;&gt;Mai, Jian-xin&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Peng%2C+Yue-xi%22&quot;&gt;Peng, Yue-xi&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Huang%2C+Hai-dong%22&quot;&gt;Huang, Hai-dong&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Yang%2C+Xin-hu%22&quot;&gt;Yang, Xin-hu&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective: This meta-analysis compares intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating schizophrenia, focusing on efficacy and safety. Methods: Data from seven randomised trials (N = 440) were analysed. Outcomes included symptom severity (PANSS scales), cognitive function and adverse events. Effect sizes were calculated using RevMan version 5.3. Results: No significant differences were observed for total psychopathology (SMD = −0.15), positive symptoms (SMD = 0.40) or general psychopathology (SMD = −0.58) (all p &gt; 0.05). A reduction in negative symptoms was noted for iTBS compared to rTMS (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.03; p = 0.04; I2 = 70%). Three studies reported cognitive benefits with adjunctive iTBS (p &lt; 0.05). Safety outcomes, including discontinuation rates (RR = 0.77) and adverse events (headache/dizziness/fatigue), showed no group differences (p = 0.26–0.54). Conclusions: iTBS shows specific efficacy for schizophrenia-related negative symptoms versus rTMS, with comparable safety. Larger trials are needed to confirm clinical applicability. Key points: iTBS is a safe and effective treatment option, potentially offering more effective relief of negative symptoms compared to rTMS. iTBS outperforms rTMS in reducing negative symptoms. In terms of total psychopathology, positive symptoms or general psychopathology, no significant differences were found between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/13651501.2025.2570712
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 3
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Schizophrenia treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meta-analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical databases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Online information services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pathological psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta burst stimulation versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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