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Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire on Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities in Portuguese Adults.

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Title: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire on Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities in Portuguese Adults.
Authors: Vilhena, Inês (AUTHOR), Martins, Margarida (AUTHOR), Cardoso, Daniel (AUTHOR), Duarte, Eva (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Sex Research. Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p387-400. 14p.
Subjects: Questionnaires, Sexual dominance & submission, Human sexuality, Portuguese people, Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, Psychometrics
Abstract: Sexual practices considered unconventional, including kinky and BDSM dynamics, are integrated within the diversity of human sexuality. However, studies often use ad hoc instruments and/or depend on the self-identification of participants, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present work aimed to fill these gaps through the development and validation of the Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities Inventory (Inventário de Fantasias e Atividades kinky e BDSM; IFAKBDSM). This instrument was developed based on the adaptation of two preexisting instruments and in response to discussions with psychologists and researchers experienced in this area, as well as individuals with kinky practices. Study 1 involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 260 Portuguese adults (18–72 years; M = 29), and Study 2 comprised a Confirmatory Factor Analysis with 515 Portuguese adults (18–79 years; M = 30). The preliminary factorial analysis identified four factors consistent with the literature: Domination and Sadism, Submission and Masochism, Voyeurism and Exhibitionism, and Fetishism. The second study confirmed this structure with satisfactory factor weights and fit indices and presented good internal consistency. The final version of the IFAKBDSM comprises two sections: the first one includes 28 items that assess seven dimensions organized into the four aforementioned factors; and the second section encompasses 38 items that focus on kinky practices. Globally, the instrument presented satisfactory psychometric results, proving to be a reliable tool for studying kinky and BDSM practices in Portuguese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Sex Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire on Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities in Portuguese Adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vilhena%2C+Inês%22">Vilhena, Inês</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martins%2C+Margarida%22">Martins, Margarida</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cardoso%2C+Daniel%22">Cardoso, Daniel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duarte%2C+Eva%22">Duarte, Eva</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Sex+Research%22">Journal of Sex Research</searchLink>. Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p387-400. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+dominance+%26+submission%22">Sexual dominance & submission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+sexuality%22">Human sexuality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Portuguese+people%22">Portuguese people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exploratory+factor+analysis%22">Exploratory factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confirmatory+factor+analysis%22">Confirmatory factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Sexual practices considered unconventional, including kinky and BDSM dynamics, are integrated within the diversity of human sexuality. However, studies often use ad hoc instruments and/or depend on the self-identification of participants, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present work aimed to fill these gaps through the development and validation of the Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities Inventory (Inventário de Fantasias e Atividades kinky e BDSM; IFAKBDSM). This instrument was developed based on the adaptation of two preexisting instruments and in response to discussions with psychologists and researchers experienced in this area, as well as individuals with kinky practices. Study 1 involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 260 Portuguese adults (18–72 years; M = 29), and Study 2 comprised a Confirmatory Factor Analysis with 515 Portuguese adults (18–79 years; M = 30). The preliminary factorial analysis identified four factors consistent with the literature: Domination and Sadism, Submission and Masochism, Voyeurism and Exhibitionism, and Fetishism. The second study confirmed this structure with satisfactory factor weights and fit indices and presented good internal consistency. The final version of the IFAKBDSM comprises two sections: the first one includes 28 items that assess seven dimensions organized into the four aforementioned factors; and the second section encompasses 38 items that focus on kinky practices. Globally, the instrument presented satisfactory psychometric results, proving to be a reliable tool for studying kinky and BDSM practices in Portuguese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Sex Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/00224499.2025.2518527
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Human sexuality
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      – SubjectFull: Portuguese people
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            NameFull: Vilhena, Inês
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            NameFull: Martins, Margarida
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar/Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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