Investigating DRD2 and HTR2A polymorphisms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a comparative analysis with other treatment-resistant mental disorders and the healthy state.

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Title: Investigating DRD2 and HTR2A polymorphisms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a comparative analysis with other treatment-resistant mental disorders and the healthy state.
Authors: Del Casale, Antonio (AUTHOR), Gentile, Giovanna (AUTHOR), Lardani, Simone (AUTHOR), Modesti, Martina Nicole (AUTHOR), Arena, Jan Francesco (AUTHOR), Zocchi, Clarissa (AUTHOR), De Luca, Ottavia (AUTHOR), Parmigiani, Giovanna (AUTHOR), Angeletti, Gloria (AUTHOR), Ferracuti, Stefano (AUTHOR), Preissner, Robert (AUTHOR), Simmaco, Maurizio (AUTHOR), Borro, Marina (AUTHOR), Pompili, Maurizio (AUTHOR)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. Apr2026, Vol. 276 Issue 3, p1221-1231. 11p.
Subjects: Genetic markers, Serotonin receptors, Haplotypes, Genetic polymorphisms, Genes, Psychoses, Dopamine receptors
Abstract: This study investigates treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) by analysing genetic markers in dopamine and serotonin receptors. Conducted on a cohort of 221 patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders, the research focused on DRD2 and HTR2A gene variants—specifically, rs1801028, rs6314, rs7997012, and rs6311. The findings suggest specific associations between certain genetic variants and TRS. Notably, the HTR2A rs6314 A|G genotype and rs7997012 G|G genotype were significantly more prevalent in TRS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). Haplotype analyses revealed associations between specific haplotypes—such as A|G (rs6314-rs7997012)—and TRS, indicating their potential predictive value for TRS versus HCs. The study underscores the involvement of the serotonergic system in TRS. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic factors contributing to TRS, paving the way for future research and the development of personalised prevention and treatment strategies in psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Investigating DRD2 and HTR2A polymorphisms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a comparative analysis with other treatment-resistant mental disorders and the healthy state.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Del+Casale%2C+Antonio%22">Del Casale, Antonio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gentile%2C+Giovanna%22">Gentile, Giovanna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lardani%2C+Simone%22">Lardani, Simone</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modesti%2C+Martina+Nicole%22">Modesti, Martina Nicole</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arena%2C+Jan+Francesco%22">Arena, Jan Francesco</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zocchi%2C+Clarissa%22">Zocchi, Clarissa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22De+Luca%2C+Ottavia%22">De Luca, Ottavia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parmigiani%2C+Giovanna%22">Parmigiani, Giovanna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angeletti%2C+Gloria%22">Angeletti, Gloria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferracuti%2C+Stefano%22">Ferracuti, Stefano</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Preissner%2C+Robert%22">Preissner, Robert</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Simmaco%2C+Maurizio%22">Simmaco, Maurizio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borro%2C+Marina%22">Borro, Marina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pompili%2C+Maurizio%22">Pompili, Maurizio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Archives+of+Psychiatry+%26+Clinical+Neuroscience%22">European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 276 Issue 3, p1221-1231. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+markers%22">Genetic markers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Serotonin+receptors%22">Serotonin receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Haplotypes%22">Haplotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+polymorphisms%22">Genetic polymorphisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genes%22">Genes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychoses%22">Psychoses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dopamine+receptors%22">Dopamine receptors</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study investigates treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) by analysing genetic markers in dopamine and serotonin receptors. Conducted on a cohort of 221 patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders, the research focused on DRD2 and HTR2A gene variants—specifically, rs1801028, rs6314, rs7997012, and rs6311. The findings suggest specific associations between certain genetic variants and TRS. Notably, the HTR2A rs6314 A|G genotype and rs7997012 G|G genotype were significantly more prevalent in TRS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). Haplotype analyses revealed associations between specific haplotypes—such as A|G (rs6314-rs7997012)—and TRS, indicating their potential predictive value for TRS versus HCs. The study underscores the involvement of the serotonergic system in TRS. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic factors contributing to TRS, paving the way for future research and the development of personalised prevention and treatment strategies in psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00406-025-01970-9
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Genetic markers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Serotonin receptors
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      – SubjectFull: Haplotypes
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      – SubjectFull: Genetic polymorphisms
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      – SubjectFull: Genes
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      – SubjectFull: Psychoses
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      – SubjectFull: Dopamine receptors
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              Text: Apr2026
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