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Day-to-day fluctuations in parental reflective functioning: The role of parenting stress and perceived adolescent difficulties.

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Title: Day-to-day fluctuations in parental reflective functioning: The role of parenting stress and perceived adolescent difficulties.
Authors: Fiore, Simon (AUTHOR), Luyten, Patrick (AUTHOR), Vliegen, Nicole (AUTHOR), Flamant, Nele (AUTHOR), Malcorps, Saskia (AUTHOR), Soenens, Bart (AUTHOR)
Source: Development & Psychopathology. May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p912-924. 13p.
Subjects: Mentalization, Psychological stress, Internalizing behavior, Emotional problems of children, Adoptive parents, Variability (Psychometrics), Externalizing behavior
Abstract: Parental reflective functioning – parents' capacity to envision the mental states underlying their child's behavior – plays an important role in parenting behavior, parental well-being, and children's psychosocial outcomes. Most studies have examined parental reflective functioning in terms of relatively stable interindividual differences between parents. This is unfortunate because theoretical accounts suggest that this capacity is susceptible to intraindividual fluctuations. Parenting stress, in particular that associated with difficult child behavior, has been described as a factor that can put parental reflective functioning under pressure. Using a multilevel approach, this 7-day diary study investigated day-to-day fluctuations in parental reflective functioning and its associations with daily parenting stress and perceived internalizing and externalizing adolescent difficulties. Parents of community adolescents (N = 128) and adopted adolescents (N = 28) were sampled because adoptive parents face unique stressors that may challenge their reflective capacities. Results indicated that daily parenting stress was associated with more daily prementalizing (i.e., severely biased mentalizing), less daily certainty about mental states, and less interest and curiosity in the adolescent's mental states. Whereas externalizing difficulties were similarly related to more daily prementalizing and less certainty about mental states, findings for internalizing difficulties were mixed. Most associations were consistent across biological and adoptive parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Development & Psychopathology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Day-to-day fluctuations in parental reflective functioning: The role of parenting stress and perceived adolescent difficulties.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fiore%2C+Simon%22">Fiore, Simon</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luyten%2C+Patrick%22">Luyten, Patrick</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vliegen%2C+Nicole%22">Vliegen, Nicole</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flamant%2C+Nele%22">Flamant, Nele</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malcorps%2C+Saskia%22">Malcorps, Saskia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soenens%2C+Bart%22">Soenens, Bart</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Development+%26+Psychopathology%22">Development & Psychopathology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p912-924. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mentalization%22">Mentalization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+stress%22">Psychological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internalizing+behavior%22">Internalizing behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+problems+of+children%22">Emotional problems of children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adoptive+parents%22">Adoptive parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Variability+%28Psychometrics%29%22">Variability (Psychometrics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Externalizing+behavior%22">Externalizing behavior</searchLink>
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  Data: Parental reflective functioning – parents' capacity to envision the mental states underlying their child's behavior – plays an important role in parenting behavior, parental well-being, and children's psychosocial outcomes. Most studies have examined parental reflective functioning in terms of relatively stable interindividual differences between parents. This is unfortunate because theoretical accounts suggest that this capacity is susceptible to intraindividual fluctuations. Parenting stress, in particular that associated with difficult child behavior, has been described as a factor that can put parental reflective functioning under pressure. Using a multilevel approach, this 7-day diary study investigated day-to-day fluctuations in parental reflective functioning and its associations with daily parenting stress and perceived internalizing and externalizing adolescent difficulties. Parents of community adolescents (N = 128) and adopted adolescents (N = 28) were sampled because adoptive parents face unique stressors that may challenge their reflective capacities. Results indicated that daily parenting stress was associated with more daily prementalizing (i.e., severely biased mentalizing), less daily certainty about mental states, and less interest and curiosity in the adolescent's mental states. Whereas externalizing difficulties were similarly related to more daily prementalizing and less certainty about mental states, findings for internalizing difficulties were mixed. Most associations were consistent across biological and adoptive parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Development & Psychopathology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0954579425100849
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Internalizing behavior
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              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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