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Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction Method on the Level of Salivary Cortisol in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment.

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Title: Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction Method on the Level of Salivary Cortisol in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment.
Authors: Suresh, Lekshmi R. (AUTHOR), Shetty, Vabitha (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1737-1746. 10p.
Subjects: Saliva analysis, Pain measurement, Dental scaling, Dental fillings, Data analysis, Research funding, Autism, Statistical sampling, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Visual analog scale, Questionnaires, Pit & fissure sealants (Dentistry), Fluoride varnishes, Hydrocortisone, Randomized controlled trials, Mann Whitney U Test, Descriptive statistics, Virtual reality, Crossover trials, Control groups, Pre-tests & post-tests, Distraction, Pain management, Statistics, Asperger's syndrome, Fear of dentists, Children's dental care, Physiological stress, Data analysis software, Child behavior, Video recording, Disease complications, Children
Abstract: To examine the effect of using Virtual Reality distraction on salivary cortisol levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) during routine dental treatments. A randomized cross-over study was designed and children with a known diagnosis of ASD, between 8 and 15 years of age, requiring routine, non-invasive dental treatments, were recruited. They were divided into 2 groups (group 1 and group 2) and scheduled for dental treatments using conventional behavior management and/or VR distraction techniques in their first and second dental visit, accordingly. Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale, Venham's picture test and Frankl's behavior rating scale were administered at the end of each visit to assess subjective parameters of pain, anxiety, and behavior. Salivary cortisol levels were estimated in all children at 3 intervals (baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment). 19 children completed the study protocol (group 1 = 10, group 2 = 9) and statistically significant changes were observed in subjective ratings of pain (between groups) and dental anxiety and behavior (between dental visits), in favor of when VR distraction was used. Statistically significant differences were noted in the physiologic stress of the children between dental visits at pre-treatment (in group 2), post-treatment (in both groups), and between the 2 groups at post-treatment (in visit 2), all in favor of VR distraction being used. VR distraction may be recommended as an effective behaviour management technique for children with ASD. CTRI/2018/05/013982 "Retrospectively Registered". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction Method on the Level of Salivary Cortisol in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suresh%2C+Lekshmi+R%2E%22">Suresh, Lekshmi R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shetty%2C+Vabitha%22">Shetty, Vabitha</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1737-1746. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saliva+analysis%22">Saliva analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pain+measurement%22">Pain measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+scaling%22">Dental scaling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+fillings%22">Dental fillings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%22">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+analog+scale%22">Visual analog scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pit+%26+fissure+sealants+%28Dentistry%29%22">Pit & fissure sealants (Dentistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluoride+varnishes%22">Fluoride varnishes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocortisone%22">Hydrocortisone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virtual+reality%22">Virtual reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crossover+trials%22">Crossover trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+groups%22">Control groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pre-tests+%26+post-tests%22">Pre-tests & post-tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distraction%22">Distraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pain+management%22">Pain management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fear+of+dentists%22">Fear of dentists</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children's+dental+care%22">Children's dental care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+stress%22">Physiological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+behavior%22">Child behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Video+recording%22">Video recording</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+complications%22">Disease complications</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To examine the effect of using Virtual Reality distraction on salivary cortisol levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) during routine dental treatments. A randomized cross-over study was designed and children with a known diagnosis of ASD, between 8 and 15 years of age, requiring routine, non-invasive dental treatments, were recruited. They were divided into 2 groups (group 1 and group 2) and scheduled for dental treatments using conventional behavior management and/or VR distraction techniques in their first and second dental visit, accordingly. Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale, Venham's picture test and Frankl's behavior rating scale were administered at the end of each visit to assess subjective parameters of pain, anxiety, and behavior. Salivary cortisol levels were estimated in all children at 3 intervals (baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment). 19 children completed the study protocol (group 1 = 10, group 2 = 9) and statistically significant changes were observed in subjective ratings of pain (between groups) and dental anxiety and behavior (between dental visits), in favor of when VR distraction was used. Statistically significant differences were noted in the physiologic stress of the children between dental visits at pre-treatment (in group 2), post-treatment (in both groups), and between the 2 groups at post-treatment (in visit 2), all in favor of VR distraction being used. VR distraction may be recommended as an effective behaviour management technique for children with ASD. CTRI/2018/05/013982 "Retrospectively Registered". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=193884055
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06702-x
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1737
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Saliva analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pain measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental scaling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental fillings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual analog scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pit & fissure sealants (Dentistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluoride varnishes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrocortisone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Virtual reality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crossover trials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Control groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pre-tests & post-tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distraction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pain management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fear of dentists
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children's dental care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Video recording
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction Method on the Level of Salivary Cortisol in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Suresh, Lekshmi R.
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            NameFull: Shetty, Vabitha
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 01623257
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              Value: 56
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders
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