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Depression and Anxiety Among Women in Lesotho: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2023–2024 LSDHS.

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Title: Depression and Anxiety Among Women in Lesotho: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2023–2024 LSDHS.
Authors: Endalew, Helen Lamesgin (AUTHOR), Bazezew, Astewil Moges (AUTHOR), Alemu, Eniyew Assimie (AUTHOR), Mekonen, Enyew Getaneh (AUTHOR), Mengistie, Berihun Agegn (AUTHOR), Zeleke, Gebreeyesus Abera (AUTHOR), Ayele, Desalegn Getachew (AUTHOR), Yirsaw, Amlaku Nigusie (AUTHOR), Aragaw, Getie Mihret (AUTHOR), Abuhay, Alemken Eyayu (AUTHOR), Anteneh, Degsew Ewunetie (AUTHOR), Lakew, Gebeyehu (AUTHOR), Bose, Chandra (AUTHOR)
Source: Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). 5/21/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Mental health, Females, Countries, Anxiety, Health services accessibility, Chronic diseases, Health surveys, Mental depression
Geographic Terms: Lesotho
Abstract: Background: Women's mental health significantly influences families, communities, and national development. In low‐resource settings like Lesotho, factors such as chronic illness, financial barriers, and limited access to care contribute to the burden of mental health conditions. However, population‐level evidence on depression and anxiety among reproductive age women remains limited. Methods: A cross‐sectional multilevel analysis was conducted using data from the 2023–2024 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (LSDHS). A weighted sample of 3265 women aged 15–49 years was included. Outcomes were defined as physician‐diagnosed depression, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐based depressive symptoms, and self‐reported anxiety. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were fitted separately for each outcome to identify associated factors while accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data. Results: The prevalence of self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression was 10.62%, PHQ‐based depressive symptoms 5.37%, and self‐reported physician‐diagnosed anxiety was 9.07%. Chronic illness was significantly associated with all three outcomes. Financial barriers to healthcare were associated with self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression and PHQ‐based depressive symptoms, while higher parity and younger age were associated with PHQ‐based depressive symptoms. Smoking and lack of media exposure were associated with higher odds of self‐reported physician‐diagnosed anxiety. Regional disparities were observed for self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Mental health problems remain a significant concern among women in Lesotho. Both shared and outcome‐specific factors were identified, with chronic illness emerging as a consistent determinant. These findings highlight the need for integrated and targeted mental health interventions, particularly within primary healthcare and chronic disease management, alongside efforts to improve access to information and reduce regional inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Depression and Anxiety Among Women in Lesotho: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2023–2024 LSDHS.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Depression+%26+Anxiety+%281091-4269%29%22">Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269)</searchLink>. 5/21/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Females%22">Females</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Countries%22">Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+services+accessibility%22">Health services accessibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+diseases%22">Chronic diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+surveys%22">Health surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lesotho%22">Lesotho</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Women's mental health significantly influences families, communities, and national development. In low‐resource settings like Lesotho, factors such as chronic illness, financial barriers, and limited access to care contribute to the burden of mental health conditions. However, population‐level evidence on depression and anxiety among reproductive age women remains limited. Methods: A cross‐sectional multilevel analysis was conducted using data from the 2023–2024 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (LSDHS). A weighted sample of 3265 women aged 15–49 years was included. Outcomes were defined as physician‐diagnosed depression, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐based depressive symptoms, and self‐reported anxiety. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were fitted separately for each outcome to identify associated factors while accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data. Results: The prevalence of self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression was 10.62%, PHQ‐based depressive symptoms 5.37%, and self‐reported physician‐diagnosed anxiety was 9.07%. Chronic illness was significantly associated with all three outcomes. Financial barriers to healthcare were associated with self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression and PHQ‐based depressive symptoms, while higher parity and younger age were associated with PHQ‐based depressive symptoms. Smoking and lack of media exposure were associated with higher odds of self‐reported physician‐diagnosed anxiety. Regional disparities were observed for self‐reported physician‐diagnosed depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Mental health problems remain a significant concern among women in Lesotho. Both shared and outcome‐specific factors were identified, with chronic illness emerging as a consistent determinant. These findings highlight the need for integrated and targeted mental health interventions, particularly within primary healthcare and chronic disease management, alongside efforts to improve access to information and reduce regional inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/da/1572451
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Females
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chronic diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health surveys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lesotho
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Depression and Anxiety Among Women in Lesotho: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2023–2024 LSDHS.
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              M: 05
              Text: 5/21/2026
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              Y: 2026
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