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Cognitive reserve in seven-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

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Title: Cognitive reserve in seven-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Authors: Camprodon-Boadas, Patricia (AUTHOR), Greve, Aja Neergaard (AUTHOR), Hemager, Nicoline (AUTHOR), de la Serna, Elena (AUTHOR), Gregersen, Maja (AUTHOR), Krantz, Mette Falkenberg (AUTHOR), Søndergaard, Anne (AUTHOR), Jepsen, Jens Richardt Møllegaard (AUTHOR), Thorup, Anne Amalie Elgaard (AUTHOR), Castro-Fornieles, Josefina (AUTHOR), Mors, Ole (AUTHOR), Sugranyes, Gisela (AUTHOR), Nordentoft, Merete (AUTHOR), Veddum, Lotte (AUTHOR)
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Apr2026, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p1321-1333. 13p.
Subjects: Schizophrenia risk factors, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Risk assessment, Psychological resilience, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Research funding, Brain, Affinity groups, Executive function, Socioeconomic factors, Questionnaires, Logistic regression analysis, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Longitudinal method, Attention, Odds ratio, Child development, Neuropsychological tests, Child Behavior Checklist, One-way analysis of variance, Factor analysis, Psychoses, Short-term memory, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Cognition, Educational attainment, Disease risk factors, Children
Geographic Terms: Denmark
Abstract: Cognitive reserve (CR), referring to the brain's adaptability to maintain functioning despite pathology, has been found to positively impact the clinical manifestations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we aimed to explore the protective role of CR in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) compared with population-based controls (PBC). This study is part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, a cohort study of 522 seven-year-old children at FHR-SZ (n = 202, 45.6% females) or FHR-BP (n = 120, 46.1% females) and PBC (n = 200, 46.2% females). CR was assessed using principal component analysis including information about child IQ, school performance, peer relations, physical leisure activities, developmental milestones, parental education and occupation, and family leisure activities. Clinical outcomes included child global functioning, lifetime psychopathology, and psychotic experiences. Neurocognitive outcomes included processing speed, sustained attention, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, verbal working memory, and set-shifting. Compared with PBC, CR was lower in children at FHR-SZ (p < 0.001, d = 0.73) and FHR-BP (p < 0.001, d = 0.51). Additionally, children at FHR-SZ had lower CR than FHR-BP (p = 0.042, d = 0.24). Across groups, CR was non-differentially and positively associated with global functioning (p < 0.001) and all neurocognitive outcomes (p ≤ 0.005) and negatively associated with psychopathology (p ≤ 0.007) and delusional psychotic experiences (p = 0.019). Children at high risk have lower CR already at an early developmental stage. CR may serve as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology and neurocognitive impairments, offering a potential target in preventative interventions aiming at altering the long-term trajectories for high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Cognitive reserve (CR), referring to the brain&#39;s adaptability to maintain functioning despite pathology, has been found to positively impact the clinical manifestations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we aimed to explore the protective role of CR in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) compared with population-based controls (PBC). This study is part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, a cohort study of 522 seven-year-old children at FHR-SZ (n = 202, 45.6% females) or FHR-BP (n = 120, 46.1% females) and PBC (n = 200, 46.2% females). CR was assessed using principal component analysis including information about child IQ, school performance, peer relations, physical leisure activities, developmental milestones, parental education and occupation, and family leisure activities. Clinical outcomes included child global functioning, lifetime psychopathology, and psychotic experiences. Neurocognitive outcomes included processing speed, sustained attention, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, verbal working memory, and set-shifting. Compared with PBC, CR was lower in children at FHR-SZ (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.73) and FHR-BP (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.51). Additionally, children at FHR-SZ had lower CR than FHR-BP (p = 0.042, d = 0.24). Across groups, CR was non-differentially and positively associated with global functioning (p &lt; 0.001) and all neurocognitive outcomes (p ≤ 0.005) and negatively associated with psychopathology (p ≤ 0.007) and delusional psychotic experiences (p = 0.019). Children at high risk have lower CR already at an early developmental stage. CR may serve as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology and neurocognitive impairments, offering a potential target in preventative interventions aiming at altering the long-term trajectories for high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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