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Changes in Neighborhood Foodscapes From 2003 to 2023 by Area Rurality in the United States.

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Title: Changes in Neighborhood Foodscapes From 2003 to 2023 by Area Rurality in the United States.
Authors: Wiese, Daniel, Shams-White, Marissa M., Zheng, Zhiyuan, Henry, Kevin A., McCullough, Marjorie L., Islami, Farhad
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Jul2026, Vol. 116 Issue 7, p1004-1014. 11p.
Subjects: Nature, Secondary analysis, Census, Food deserts, Food security, Socioeconomic factors, Food service, Descriptive statistics, Sales personnel, Transportation, Rural conditions, Geographic information systems, Data analysis software, Neighborhood characteristics, Poverty
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the change in the US foodscape from 2003 to 2023 overall and by area rurality, considering various modes of transportation. Methods. We conducted this study using longitudinal data on all licensed food retailers, geocoded to census-tract level, and examined changes in the foodscape by estimating the percentages of tracts defined as food deserts (no grocery stores) and food swamps (mostly restaurants or fast-food locations). Results. We found a considerable increase in the percentage of food swamps and no substantial progress in reducing food deserts. For example, using distance-based foodscape measure (one half of a mile from tract borders), between 2003 and 2023, the percentage of tracts categorized as food swamps increased from 80.2% to 88.5%, while the percentage of food deserts decreased minimally from 6.1% to 5.5%. Across all years, the percentage of food deserts was substantially higher in rural areas, and when people used public transit as a mode of transportation. Conclusions. The findings underscore the need for improving accessibility to healthy foods across the United States, particularly in rural areas. Public Health Implications. Expanding public–private partnerships to establish healthy food retailers in food deserts may improve the foodscape quality. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(7):1004–1014. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308495) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Objectives. To evaluate the change in the US foodscape from 2003 to 2023 overall and by area rurality, considering various modes of transportation. Methods. We conducted this study using longitudinal data on all licensed food retailers, geocoded to census-tract level, and examined changes in the foodscape by estimating the percentages of tracts defined as food deserts (no grocery stores) and food swamps (mostly restaurants or fast-food locations). Results. We found a considerable increase in the percentage of food swamps and no substantial progress in reducing food deserts. For example, using distance-based foodscape measure (one half of a mile from tract borders), between 2003 and 2023, the percentage of tracts categorized as food swamps increased from 80.2% to 88.5%, while the percentage of food deserts decreased minimally from 6.1% to 5.5%. Across all years, the percentage of food deserts was substantially higher in rural areas, and when people used public transit as a mode of transportation. Conclusions. The findings underscore the need for improving accessibility to healthy foods across the United States, particularly in rural areas. Public Health Implications. Expanding public–private partnerships to establish healthy food retailers in food deserts may improve the foodscape quality. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(7):1004–1014. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308495) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2026.308495
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1004
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Census
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food deserts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food security
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food service
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Sales personnel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transportation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural conditions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geographic information systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Neighborhood characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Poverty
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      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Changes in Neighborhood Foodscapes From 2003 to 2023 by Area Rurality in the United States.
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              Text: Jul2026
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              Y: 2026
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