View in EDS

Venous Thromboembolism as a Forgotten Complication of Physical Restraint: A Scoping Review and Implications for Practice.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Venous Thromboembolism as a Forgotten Complication of Physical Restraint: A Scoping Review and Implications for Practice.
Authors: Manzano‐Nunez, Ramiro (AUTHOR), Gomez, Diego A. (AUTHOR), Triana, Elvira M. (AUTHOR), Alcalá, Rebeca (AUTHOR), Repiso, Laura (AUTHOR), Camino‐i‐Gibernau, Marcel (AUTHOR), Logroño, Teresa (AUTHOR), Sanchez‐Autet, Monica (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Jun2026, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p1-17. 17p.
Subjects: Thromboembolism prevention, Thromboembolism risk factors, Risk assessment, Mental health services, Veins, Restraint of patients, Schizophrenia, Affective disorders, Descriptive statistics, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Thromboembolism, Online information services, Data analysis software, Disease incidence
Abstract: This scoping review explores and synthesizes the literature on thromboembolic events in physically restrained patients in mental healthcare settings, focusing on patient characteristics, associated risk factors, and treatment strategies. Following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, PubMed and Scopus were searched through September 2025 for studies reporting thromboembolic events in patients subjected to physical restraint in psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction regarding patient profiles, restraint configurations, and preventive strategies. Evidence was synthesized descriptively without formal risk‐of‐bias assessment. Of 142 records identified, 20 studies (2001–2025) were included: 7 case reports, 3 case series, 6 case–control, and 4 cohort studies. Populations ranged from adolescents to older adults, primarily with schizophrenia or mood disorders. The incidence of thromboembolic events in cohort studies was 9% to 11%. Technical documentation was heterogeneous; 50% of studies did not report on the management of hydration, nutrition, or elimination. Six studies found an association between restraint and thromboembolic events, with prolonged duration most consistently implicated. Thromboprophylaxis was inconsistently described: 4 studies reported its use, 4 reported its absence, and 12 provided no information. Thromboembolic events are a preventable complication of physical restraint. Current evidence is limited by retrospective designs and fragmented reporting. Improving clinical safety requires standardized risk assessment and nursing‐led somatic monitoring integrated with interdisciplinary support. Protocols tailored to these immobilization episodes are required to ensure behavioural stabilization does not compromise physiological safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health Nursing is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 194812331
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Venous Thromboembolism as a Forgotten Complication of Physical Restraint: A Scoping Review and Implications for Practice.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manzano‐Nunez%2C+Ramiro%22">Manzano‐Nunez, Ramiro</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gomez%2C+Diego+A%2E%22">Gomez, Diego A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Triana%2C+Elvira+M%2E%22">Triana, Elvira M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alcalá%2C+Rebeca%22">Alcalá, Rebeca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Repiso%2C+Laura%22">Repiso, Laura</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Camino‐i‐Gibernau%2C+Marcel%22">Camino‐i‐Gibernau, Marcel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Logroño%2C+Teresa%22">Logroño, Teresa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sanchez‐Autet%2C+Monica%22">Sanchez‐Autet, Monica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Mental+Health+Nursing%22">International Journal of Mental Health Nursing</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p1-17. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thromboembolism+prevention%22">Thromboembolism prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thromboembolism+risk+factors%22">Thromboembolism risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health+services%22">Mental health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Veins%22">Veins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Restraint+of+patients%22">Restraint of patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schizophrenia%22">Schizophrenia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+disorders%22">Affective disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thromboembolism%22">Thromboembolism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+incidence%22">Disease incidence</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This scoping review explores and synthesizes the literature on thromboembolic events in physically restrained patients in mental healthcare settings, focusing on patient characteristics, associated risk factors, and treatment strategies. Following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, PubMed and Scopus were searched through September 2025 for studies reporting thromboembolic events in patients subjected to physical restraint in psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction regarding patient profiles, restraint configurations, and preventive strategies. Evidence was synthesized descriptively without formal risk‐of‐bias assessment. Of 142 records identified, 20 studies (2001–2025) were included: 7 case reports, 3 case series, 6 case–control, and 4 cohort studies. Populations ranged from adolescents to older adults, primarily with schizophrenia or mood disorders. The incidence of thromboembolic events in cohort studies was 9% to 11%. Technical documentation was heterogeneous; 50% of studies did not report on the management of hydration, nutrition, or elimination. Six studies found an association between restraint and thromboembolic events, with prolonged duration most consistently implicated. Thromboprophylaxis was inconsistently described: 4 studies reported its use, 4 reported its absence, and 12 provided no information. Thromboembolic events are a preventable complication of physical restraint. Current evidence is limited by retrospective designs and fragmented reporting. Improving clinical safety requires standardized risk assessment and nursing‐led somatic monitoring integrated with interdisciplinary support. Protocols tailored to these immobilization episodes are required to ensure behavioural stabilization does not compromise physiological safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health Nursing is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=194812331
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/inm.70280
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Thromboembolism prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thromboembolism risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Veins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Restraint of patients
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Schizophrenia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affective disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thromboembolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Online information services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease incidence
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Venous Thromboembolism as a Forgotten Complication of Physical Restraint: A Scoping Review and Implications for Practice.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Manzano‐Nunez, Ramiro
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gomez, Diego A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Triana, Elvira M.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Alcalá, Rebeca
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Repiso, Laura
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Camino‐i‐Gibernau, Marcel
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Logroño, Teresa
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sanchez‐Autet, Monica
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 14458330
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 35
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
              Type: main
ResultId 1