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Alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence: genetic and phenotypic associations suggest a more severe form of the disorder with stronger genetic contribution to risk.

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Title: Alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence: genetic and phenotypic associations suggest a more severe form of the disorder with stronger genetic contribution to risk.
Authors: Dick, Danielle M. (AUTHOR), Agrawal, Arpana (AUTHOR), Wang, Jen C. (AUTHOR), Hinrichs, Anthony (AUTHOR), Bertelsen, Sarah (AUTHOR), Bucholz, Kathleen K. (AUTHOR), Schuckit, Marc (AUTHOR), Kramer, John (AUTHOR), Nurnberger, John (AUTHOR), Tischfield, Jay (AUTHOR), Edenberg, Howard J. (AUTHOR), Goate, Alison (AUTHOR), Bierut, Laura J. (AUTHOR)
Source: Addiction. Jul2007, Vol. 102 Issue 7, p1131-1139. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts.
Subjects: Alcoholism, Drug addiction, People with alcoholism, Genetics, Acetylcholine, Muscarinic receptors, Mental illness, Pathological psychology, Psychological tests
Abstract: Background Twin data suggest that alcohol dependence comorbid with illicit drug dependence represents a more heritable form of the disorder. In the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism sample, approximately half the alcohol-dependent individuals also meet diagnostic criteria for illicit drug dependence. In this study, we tested for heterogeneity in the association between the muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor gene ( CHRM2) and alcohol dependence, reported previously in the full sample, among the subgroups of alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid drug dependence. Methods Family-based association tests were conducted separately (a) in individuals with alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence ( n = 477) and (b) in individuals with alcohol dependence without comorbid drug dependence ( n = 433). These subgroups were subsequently compared on other phenotypic characteristics. Results The evidence for association between CHRM2 and alcohol dependence came entirely from the subgroup of individuals with comorbid drug dependence. There was no evidence of association with CHRM2 among the alcohol-dependent individuals without drug dependence. Subsequent phenotypic analyses suggest that the subgroup of alcohol-dependent individuals with comorbid drug dependence differ on a number of other phenotypic characteristics, including several measures of the severity of their alcohol problems, personality traits and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Conclusions These analyses provide specific genetic evidence suggesting that alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence represents a particularly severe form of the disorder, with higher genetic contribution to vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence: genetic and phenotypic associations suggest a more severe form of the disorder with stronger genetic contribution to risk.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dick%2C+Danielle+M%2E%22">Dick, Danielle M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agrawal%2C+Arpana%22">Agrawal, Arpana</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jen+C%2E%22">Wang, Jen C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hinrichs%2C+Anthony%22">Hinrichs, Anthony</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bertelsen%2C+Sarah%22">Bertelsen, Sarah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bucholz%2C+Kathleen+K%2E%22">Bucholz, Kathleen K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schuckit%2C+Marc%22">Schuckit, Marc</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kramer%2C+John%22">Kramer, John</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nurnberger%2C+John%22">Nurnberger, John</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tischfield%2C+Jay%22">Tischfield, Jay</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Edenberg%2C+Howard+J%2E%22">Edenberg, Howard J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goate%2C+Alison%22">Goate, Alison</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bierut%2C+Laura+J%2E%22">Bierut, Laura J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Jul2007, Vol. 102 Issue 7, p1131-1139. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcoholism%22">Alcoholism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+addiction%22">Drug addiction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22People+with+alcoholism%22">People with alcoholism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetics%22">Genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acetylcholine%22">Acetylcholine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Muscarinic+receptors%22">Muscarinic receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+psychology%22">Pathological psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink>
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  Data: Background Twin data suggest that alcohol dependence comorbid with illicit drug dependence represents a more heritable form of the disorder. In the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism sample, approximately half the alcohol-dependent individuals also meet diagnostic criteria for illicit drug dependence. In this study, we tested for heterogeneity in the association between the muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor gene ( CHRM2) and alcohol dependence, reported previously in the full sample, among the subgroups of alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid drug dependence. Methods Family-based association tests were conducted separately (a) in individuals with alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence ( n = 477) and (b) in individuals with alcohol dependence without comorbid drug dependence ( n = 433). These subgroups were subsequently compared on other phenotypic characteristics. Results The evidence for association between CHRM2 and alcohol dependence came entirely from the subgroup of individuals with comorbid drug dependence. There was no evidence of association with CHRM2 among the alcohol-dependent individuals without drug dependence. Subsequent phenotypic analyses suggest that the subgroup of alcohol-dependent individuals with comorbid drug dependence differ on a number of other phenotypic characteristics, including several measures of the severity of their alcohol problems, personality traits and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Conclusions These analyses provide specific genetic evidence suggesting that alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence represents a particularly severe form of the disorder, with higher genetic contribution to vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01871.x
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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        Type: general
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