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Classification of adult patients with type 2 diabetes using the Temperament and Character Inventory.

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Title: Classification of adult patients with type 2 diabetes using the Temperament and Character Inventory.
Authors: Yoda, Noriko (AUTHOR), Yamashita, Tatsuhisa (AUTHOR), Wada, Yoshihisa (AUTHOR), Fukui, Michiaki (AUTHOR), Hasegawa, Goji (AUTHOR), Nakamura, Naoto (AUTHOR), Fukui, Kenji (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences. Jun2008, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p279-285. 7p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Treatment of diabetes, Temperament & Character Inventory, Patients, Anxiety, Hemoglobin synthesis, Scientific method
Abstract: Aim: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes were classified using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). This classification was used to propose effective therapeutic approaches based on subtypes of psychological characteristics. Methods: The TCI and various psychological tests were administered to 89 patients (54 men and 35 women). Cluster analysis was performed using three temperament factors of the TCI as variables for subclassification: novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD). Results: The patients were divided into two clusters based on the TCI results. Cluster 1 had a low NS/high HA/low RD pattern, which indicated resistance to change and lack of cooperativeness, and results of other tests indicated that patients in cluster 1 were obsessional and had weak intention and personality disorder symptoms. In contrast, cluster 2 had a high NS/low HA/high RD pattern, indicating a socially active person who easily becomes dependent on others, and results of other tests indicated that these patients were histrionic and less anxious. In cluster 1 there was a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and SD-1 (TCI self-directedness) ‘responsibility’ and a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and State anxiety of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. In cluster 2 there was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and HA-2 ‘fear of uncertainty’. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes were classified using the TCI into two subgroups. These two groups differed in psychological characteristics and had a different pattern in correlation with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Classification of adult patients with type 2 diabetes using the Temperament and Character Inventory.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoda%2C+Noriko%22">Yoda, Noriko</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yamashita%2C+Tatsuhisa%22">Yamashita, Tatsuhisa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wada%2C+Yoshihisa%22">Wada, Yoshihisa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fukui%2C+Michiaki%22">Fukui, Michiaki</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasegawa%2C+Goji%22">Hasegawa, Goji</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakamura%2C+Naoto%22">Nakamura, Naoto</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fukui%2C+Kenji%22">Fukui, Kenji</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychiatry+%26+Clinical+Neurosciences%22">Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences</searchLink>. Jun2008, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p279-285. 7p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+of+diabetes%22">Treatment of diabetes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperament+%26+Character+Inventory%22">Temperament & Character Inventory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patients%22">Patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hemoglobin+synthesis%22">Hemoglobin synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+method%22">Scientific method</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Aim: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes were classified using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). This classification was used to propose effective therapeutic approaches based on subtypes of psychological characteristics. Methods: The TCI and various psychological tests were administered to 89 patients (54 men and 35 women). Cluster analysis was performed using three temperament factors of the TCI as variables for subclassification: novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD). Results: The patients were divided into two clusters based on the TCI results. Cluster 1 had a low NS/high HA/low RD pattern, which indicated resistance to change and lack of cooperativeness, and results of other tests indicated that patients in cluster 1 were obsessional and had weak intention and personality disorder symptoms. In contrast, cluster 2 had a high NS/low HA/high RD pattern, indicating a socially active person who easily becomes dependent on others, and results of other tests indicated that these patients were histrionic and less anxious. In cluster 1 there was a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and SD-1 (TCI self-directedness) ‘responsibility’ and a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and State anxiety of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. In cluster 2 there was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and HA-2 ‘fear of uncertainty’. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes were classified using the TCI into two subgroups. These two groups differed in psychological characteristics and had a different pattern in correlation with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01794.x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
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      – SubjectFull: Hemoglobin synthesis
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      – SubjectFull: Scientific method
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      – TitleFull: Classification of adult patients with type 2 diabetes using the Temperament and Character Inventory.
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              Text: Jun2008
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