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Learning to Become an Expert: Reinforcement Learning and the Acquisition of Perceptual Expertise.

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Title: Learning to Become an Expert: Reinforcement Learning and the Acquisition of Perceptual Expertise.
Authors: Krigolson, Olav E., Pierce, Lara J., Holroyd, Clay B., Tanaka, James W.
Source: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. Sep2009, Vol. 21 Issue 9, p1834-1841. 8p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Self-organizing systems, Perceptual control theory, Instructional systems, Electroencephalography, Educational evaluation, Reinforcement learning
Abstract: To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the development of perceptual expertise, we recorded ERPs while participants performed a categorization task. We found that as participants learned to discriminate computer-generated ''blob'' stimuli, feedback modulated the amplitude of the errorrelated negativity (ERN)--an ERP component thought to reflect error evaluation within medial-frontal cortex. As participants improved at the categorization task, we also observed an increase in amplitude of an ERP component associated with object recognition (the N250). The increase in N250 amplitude preceded an increase in amplitude of an ERN component associated with internal error evaluation (the response ERN). Importantly, these electroencephalographic changes were not observed for participants who failed to improve on the categorization task. Our results suggest that the acquisition of perceptual expertise relies on interactions between the posterior perceptual system and the reinforcement learning system involving medial-frontal cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krigolson%2C+Olav+E%2E%22">Krigolson, Olav E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pierce%2C+Lara+J%2E%22">Pierce, Lara J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holroyd%2C+Clay+B%2E%22">Holroyd, Clay B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanaka%2C+James+W%2E%22">Tanaka, James W.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. Sep2009, Vol. 21 Issue 9, p1834-1841. 8p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-organizing+systems%22">Self-organizing systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perceptual+control+theory%22">Perceptual control theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+systems%22">Instructional systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+evaluation%22">Educational evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforcement+learning%22">Reinforcement learning</searchLink>
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  Data: To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the development of perceptual expertise, we recorded ERPs while participants performed a categorization task. We found that as participants learned to discriminate computer-generated ''blob'' stimuli, feedback modulated the amplitude of the errorrelated negativity (ERN)--an ERP component thought to reflect error evaluation within medial-frontal cortex. As participants improved at the categorization task, we also observed an increase in amplitude of an ERP component associated with object recognition (the N250). The increase in N250 amplitude preceded an increase in amplitude of an ERN component associated with internal error evaluation (the response ERN). Importantly, these electroencephalographic changes were not observed for participants who failed to improve on the categorization task. Our results suggest that the acquisition of perceptual expertise relies on interactions between the posterior perceptual system and the reinforcement learning system involving medial-frontal cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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