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Cognitive test scores in male adolescent cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers: a population-based study.

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Title: Cognitive test scores in male adolescent cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers: a population-based study.
Authors: Weiser, Mark (AUTHOR), Zarka, Salman (AUTHOR), Werbeloff, Nomi (AUTHOR), Kravitz, Efrat (AUTHOR), Lubin, Gad (AUTHOR)
Source: Addiction. Feb2010, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p358-363. 6p. 4 Charts.
Subjects: Intelligence tests, Intelligence levels, Intellect, Questionnaires, Cigarette smokers, Smoking, Cigarettes, Substance use of teenagers, Statistical sampling
Abstract: Background Although previous studies indicate that people with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are more likely to become cigarette smokers, IQ scores of siblings discordant for smoking and of adolescents who began smoking between ages 18–21 years have not been studied systematically. Methods Each year a random sample of Israeli military recruits complete a smoking questionnaire. Cognitive functioning is assessed by the military using standardized tests equivalent to IQ. Results Of 20 221 18-year-old males, 28.5% reported smoking at least one cigarette a day (smokers). An unadjusted comparison found that smokers scored 0.41 effect sizes (ES, P < 0.001) lower than non-smokers; adjusted analyses remained significant (adjusted ES = 0.27, P < 0.001). Adolescents smoking one to five, six to 10, 11–20 and 21+ cigarettes/day had cognitive test scores 0.14, 0.22, 0.33 and 0.5 adjusted ES poorer than those of non-smokers ( P < 0.001). Adolescents who did not smoke by age 18, and then began to smoke between ages 18–21 had lower cognitive test scores compared to never-smokers (adjusted ES = 0.14, P < 0.001). An analysis of brothers discordant for smoking found that smoking brothers had lower cognitive scores than non-smoking brothers (adjusted ES = 0.27; P = 0.014). Conclusion Controlled analyses from this large population-based cohort of male adolescents indicate that IQ scores are lower in male adolescents who smoke compared to non-smokers and in brothers who smoke compared to their non-smoking brothers. The IQs of adolescents who began smoking between ages 18–21 are lower than those of non-smokers. Adolescents with poorer IQ scores might be targeted for programmes designed to prevent smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cognitive test scores in male adolescent cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers: a population-based study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Weiser%2C+Mark%22&quot;&gt;Weiser, Mark&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zarka%2C+Salman%22&quot;&gt;Zarka, Salman&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Werbeloff%2C+Nomi%22&quot;&gt;Werbeloff, Nomi&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kravitz%2C+Efrat%22&quot;&gt;Kravitz, Efrat&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lubin%2C+Gad%22&quot;&gt;Lubin, Gad&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Addiction%22&quot;&gt;Addiction&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2010, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p358-363. 6p. 4 Charts.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Intelligence+tests%22&quot;&gt;Intelligence tests&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Intelligence+levels%22&quot;&gt;Intelligence levels&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Intellect%22&quot;&gt;Intellect&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Questionnaires%22&quot;&gt;Questionnaires&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Cigarette+smokers%22&quot;&gt;Cigarette smokers&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Smoking%22&quot;&gt;Smoking&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Cigarettes%22&quot;&gt;Cigarettes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Substance+use+of+teenagers%22&quot;&gt;Substance use of teenagers&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Statistical+sampling%22&quot;&gt;Statistical sampling&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Background Although previous studies indicate that people with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are more likely to become cigarette smokers, IQ scores of siblings discordant for smoking and of adolescents who began smoking between ages 18–21 years have not been studied systematically. Methods Each year a random sample of Israeli military recruits complete a smoking questionnaire. Cognitive functioning is assessed by the military using standardized tests equivalent to IQ. Results Of 20 221 18-year-old males, 28.5% reported smoking at least one cigarette a day (smokers). An unadjusted comparison found that smokers scored 0.41 effect sizes (ES, P &lt; 0.001) lower than non-smokers; adjusted analyses remained significant (adjusted ES = 0.27, P &lt; 0.001). Adolescents smoking one to five, six to 10, 11–20 and 21+ cigarettes/day had cognitive test scores 0.14, 0.22, 0.33 and 0.5 adjusted ES poorer than those of non-smokers ( P &lt; 0.001). Adolescents who did not smoke by age 18, and then began to smoke between ages 18–21 had lower cognitive test scores compared to never-smokers (adjusted ES = 0.14, P &lt; 0.001). An analysis of brothers discordant for smoking found that smoking brothers had lower cognitive scores than non-smoking brothers (adjusted ES = 0.27; P = 0.014). Conclusion Controlled analyses from this large population-based cohort of male adolescents indicate that IQ scores are lower in male adolescents who smoke compared to non-smokers and in brothers who smoke compared to their non-smoking brothers. The IQs of adolescents who began smoking between ages 18–21 are lower than those of non-smokers. Adolescents with poorer IQ scores might be targeted for programmes designed to prevent smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02740.x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 358
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligence tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligence levels
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      – SubjectFull: Intellect
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      – SubjectFull: Cigarettes
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              Text: Feb2010
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