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An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in ?-ray bursts.

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Title: An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in ?-ray bursts.
Authors: Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Bazo Alba, J. L., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K.-H.
Source: Nature. 4/19/2012, Vol. 484 Issue 7394, p351-354. 4p. 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Neutrinos, Cosmic rays, Astrophysics, Meteors, Pions, Protons
Abstract: Very energetic astrophysical events are required to accelerate cosmic rays to above 1018?electronvolts. GRBs (?-ray bursts) have been proposed as possible candidate sources. In the GRB 'fireball' model, cosmic-ray acceleration should be accompanied by neutrinos produced in the decay of charged pions created in interactions between the high-energy cosmic-ray protons and ?-rays. Previous searches for such neutrinos found none, but the constraints were weak because the sensitivity was at best approximately equal to the predicted flux. Here we report an upper limit on the flux of energetic neutrinos associated with GRBs that is at least a factor of 3.7 below the predictions. This implies either that GRBs are not the only sources of cosmic rays with energies exceeding 1018?electronvolts or that the efficiency of neutrino production is much lower than has been predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in ?-ray bursts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abbasi%2C+R%2E%22">Abbasi, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdou%2C+Y%2E%22">Abdou, Y.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abu-Zayyad%2C+T%2E%22">Abu-Zayyad, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ackermann%2C+M%2E%22">Ackermann, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adams%2C+J%2E%22">Adams, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguilar%2C+J%2E+A%2E%22">Aguilar, J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahlers%2C+M%2E%22">Ahlers, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Altmann%2C+D%2E%22">Altmann, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andeen%2C+K%2E%22">Andeen, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Auffenberg%2C+J%2E%22">Auffenberg, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+X%2E%22">Bai, X.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baker%2C+M%2E%22">Baker, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barwick%2C+S%2E+W%2E%22">Barwick, S. W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bay%2C+R%2E%22">Bay, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bazo+Alba%2C+J%2E+L%2E%22">Bazo Alba, J. L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beattie%2C+K%2E%22">Beattie, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beatty%2C+J%2E+J%2E%22">Beatty, J. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bechet%2C+S%2E%22">Bechet, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Becker%2C+J%2E+K%2E%22">Becker, J. K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Becker%2C+K%2E-H%2E%22">Becker, K.-H.</searchLink>
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  Data: Very energetic astrophysical events are required to accelerate cosmic rays to above 1018?electronvolts. GRBs (?-ray bursts) have been proposed as possible candidate sources. In the GRB 'fireball' model, cosmic-ray acceleration should be accompanied by neutrinos produced in the decay of charged pions created in interactions between the high-energy cosmic-ray protons and ?-rays. Previous searches for such neutrinos found none, but the constraints were weak because the sensitivity was at best approximately equal to the predicted flux. Here we report an upper limit on the flux of energetic neutrinos associated with GRBs that is at least a factor of 3.7 below the predictions. This implies either that GRBs are not the only sources of cosmic rays with energies exceeding 1018?electronvolts or that the efficiency of neutrino production is much lower than has been predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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