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Does the ' hikikomori' syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation.

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Title: Does the ' hikikomori' syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation.
Authors: Kato, Takahiro, Tateno, Masaru, Shinfuku, Naotaka, Fujisawa, Daisuke, Teo, Alan, Sartorius, Norman, Akiyama, Tsuyoshi, Ishida, Tetsuya, Choi, Tae, Balhara, Yatan, Matsumoto, Ryohei, Umene-Nakano, Wakako, Fujimura, Yota, Wand, Anne, Chang, Jane, Chang, Rita, Shadloo, Behrang, Ahmed, Helal, Lerthattasilp, Tiraya, Kanba, Shigenobu
Source: Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. Jul2012, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1061-1075. 15p.
Subjects: Diagnosis of mental depression, Psychiatrists, Hikikomori, Disease prevalence, Etiology of diseases, Hospital care, Questionnaires
Geographic Terms: Japan
Abstract: Purpose: To explore whether the ' hikikomori' syndrome (social withdrawal) described in Japan exists in other countries, and if so, how patients with the syndrome are diagnosed and treated. Methods: Two hikikomori case vignettes were sent to psychiatrists in Australia, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and the USA. Participants rated the syndrome's prevalence in their country, etiology, diagnosis, suicide risk, and treatment. Results: Out of 247 responses to the questionnaire (123 from Japan and 124 from other countries), 239 were enrolled in the analysis. Respondents' felt the hikikomori syndrome is seen in all countries examined and especially in urban areas. Biopsychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors were all listed as probable causes of hikikomori, and differences among countries were not significant. Japanese psychiatrists suggested treatment in outpatient wards and some did not think that psychiatric treatment is necessary. Psychiatrists in other countries opted for more active treatment such as hospitalization. Conclusions: Patients with the hikikomori syndrome are perceived as occurring across a variety of cultures by psychiatrists in multiple countries. Our results provide a rational basis for study of the existence and epidemiology of hikikomori in clinical or community populations in international settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kato%2C+Takahiro%22">Kato, Takahiro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tateno%2C+Masaru%22">Tateno, Masaru</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shinfuku%2C+Naotaka%22">Shinfuku, Naotaka</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fujisawa%2C+Daisuke%22">Fujisawa, Daisuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Teo%2C+Alan%22">Teo, Alan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sartorius%2C+Norman%22">Sartorius, Norman</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akiyama%2C+Tsuyoshi%22">Akiyama, Tsuyoshi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ishida%2C+Tetsuya%22">Ishida, Tetsuya</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Choi%2C+Tae%22">Choi, Tae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balhara%2C+Yatan%22">Balhara, Yatan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsumoto%2C+Ryohei%22">Matsumoto, Ryohei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Umene-Nakano%2C+Wakako%22">Umene-Nakano, Wakako</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fujimura%2C+Yota%22">Fujimura, Yota</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wand%2C+Anne%22">Wand, Anne</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chang%2C+Jane%22">Chang, Jane</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chang%2C+Rita%22">Chang, Rita</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shadloo%2C+Behrang%22">Shadloo, Behrang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Helal%22">Ahmed, Helal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lerthattasilp%2C+Tiraya%22">Lerthattasilp, Tiraya</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kanba%2C+Shigenobu%22">Kanba, Shigenobu</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Social+Psychiatry+%26+Psychiatric+Epidemiology%22">Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology</searchLink>. Jul2012, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1061-1075. 15p.
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  Data: Purpose: To explore whether the ' hikikomori' syndrome (social withdrawal) described in Japan exists in other countries, and if so, how patients with the syndrome are diagnosed and treated. Methods: Two hikikomori case vignettes were sent to psychiatrists in Australia, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and the USA. Participants rated the syndrome's prevalence in their country, etiology, diagnosis, suicide risk, and treatment. Results: Out of 247 responses to the questionnaire (123 from Japan and 124 from other countries), 239 were enrolled in the analysis. Respondents' felt the hikikomori syndrome is seen in all countries examined and especially in urban areas. Biopsychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors were all listed as probable causes of hikikomori, and differences among countries were not significant. Japanese psychiatrists suggested treatment in outpatient wards and some did not think that psychiatric treatment is necessary. Psychiatrists in other countries opted for more active treatment such as hospitalization. Conclusions: Patients with the hikikomori syndrome are perceived as occurring across a variety of cultures by psychiatrists in multiple countries. Our results provide a rational basis for study of the existence and epidemiology of hikikomori in clinical or community populations in international settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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