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Molecular genetic evidence for overlap between general cognitive ability and risk for schizophrenia: a report from the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT).

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Title: Molecular genetic evidence for overlap between general cognitive ability and risk for schizophrenia: a report from the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT).
Authors: Lencz, T, Knowles, E, Davies, G, Guha, S, Liewald, D C, Starr, J M, Djurovic, S, Melle, I, Sundet, K, Christoforou, A, Reinvang, I, Mukherjee, S, DeRosse, Pamela, Lundervold, A, Steen, V M, John, M, Espeseth, T, Räikkönen, K, Widen, E, Palotie, A
Source: Molecular Psychiatry. Feb2014, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p168-174. 7p.
Subjects: Human molecular genetics, Cognitive ability, Schizophrenia risk factors, Phenotypes, Genomics, Heredity
Abstract: It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of many common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of extremely small effect. Similar results have been reported in GWAS of general cognitive ability. The primary aim of the present study is to provide the first molecular genetic test of the classic endophenotype hypothesis, which states that alleles associated with reduced cognitive ability should also serve to increase risk for SCZ. We tested the endophenotype hypothesis by applying polygenic SNP scores derived from a large-scale cognitive GWAS meta-analysis (~5000 individuals from nine nonclinical cohorts comprising the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT)) to four SCZ case-control cohorts. As predicted, cases had significantly lower cognitive polygenic scores compared to controls. In parallel, polygenic risk scores for SCZ were associated with lower general cognitive ability. In addition, using our large cognitive meta-analytic data set, we identified nominally significant cognitive associations for several SNPs that have previously been robustly associated with SCZ susceptibility. Results provide molecular confirmation of the genetic overlap between SCZ and general cognitive ability, and may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Molecular Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lencz%2C+T%22">Lencz, T</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knowles%2C+E%22">Knowles, E</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Davies%2C+G%22">Davies, G</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guha%2C+S%22">Guha, S</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liewald%2C+D+C%22">Liewald, D C</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Starr%2C+J+M%22">Starr, J M</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Djurovic%2C+S%22">Djurovic, S</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melle%2C+I%22">Melle, I</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sundet%2C+K%22">Sundet, K</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christoforou%2C+A%22">Christoforou, A</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reinvang%2C+I%22">Reinvang, I</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukherjee%2C+S%22">Mukherjee, S</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DeRosse%2C+Pamela%22">DeRosse, Pamela</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lundervold%2C+A%22">Lundervold, A</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steen%2C+V+M%22">Steen, V M</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22John%2C+M%22">John, M</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Espeseth%2C+T%22">Espeseth, T</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Räikkönen%2C+K%22">Räikkönen, K</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Widen%2C+E%22">Widen, E</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palotie%2C+A%22">Palotie, A</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Molecular+Psychiatry%22">Molecular Psychiatry</searchLink>. Feb2014, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p168-174. 7p.
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  Data: It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of many common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of extremely small effect. Similar results have been reported in GWAS of general cognitive ability. The primary aim of the present study is to provide the first molecular genetic test of the classic endophenotype hypothesis, which states that alleles associated with reduced cognitive ability should also serve to increase risk for SCZ. We tested the endophenotype hypothesis by applying polygenic SNP scores derived from a large-scale cognitive GWAS meta-analysis (~5000 individuals from nine nonclinical cohorts comprising the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT)) to four SCZ case-control cohorts. As predicted, cases had significantly lower cognitive polygenic scores compared to controls. In parallel, polygenic risk scores for SCZ were associated with lower general cognitive ability. In addition, using our large cognitive meta-analytic data set, we identified nominally significant cognitive associations for several SNPs that have previously been robustly associated with SCZ susceptibility. Results provide molecular confirmation of the genetic overlap between SCZ and general cognitive ability, and may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Molecular Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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