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Testing the role of preBötzinger Complex somatostatin neurons in respiratory and vocal behaviors.

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Title: Testing the role of preBötzinger Complex somatostatin neurons in respiratory and vocal behaviors.
Authors: Tupal, Srinivasan, Rieger, Michael A., Ling, Guang‐Yi, Park, Thomas J., Dougherty, Joseph D., Goodchild, Ann K., Gray, Paul A.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. Oct2014, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p3067-3077. 11p.
Subjects: Somatostatin, Excitatory amino acid agents, Neurons, Public health, Glutamate transporters, Endorphin receptors
Abstract: Identifying neurons essential for the generation of breathing and related behaviors such as vocalisation is an important question for human health. The targeted loss of preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) glutamatergic neurons, including those that express high levels of somatostatin protein ( SST neurons), eliminates normal breathing in adult rats. Whether preBötC SST neurons represent a functionally specialised population is unknown. We tested the effects on respiratory and vocal behaviors of eliminating SST neuron glutamate release by Cre-Lox-mediated genetic ablation of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 ( VGlut2). We found the targeted loss of VGlut2 in SST neurons had no effect on viability in vivo, or on respiratory period or responses to neurokinin 1 or μ-opioid receptor agonists in vitro. We then compared medullary SST peptide expression in mice with that of two species that share extreme respiratory environments but produce either high or low frequency vocalisations. In the Mexican free-tailed bat, SST peptide-expressing neurons extended beyond the preBötC to the caudal pole of the VII motor nucleus. In the naked mole-rat, however, SST-positive neurons were absent from the ventrolateral medulla. We then analysed isolation vocalisations from SST-Cre; VGlut2F/F mice and found a significant prolongation of the pauses between syllables during vocalisation but no change in vocalisation number. These data suggest that glutamate release from preBötC SST neurons is not essential for breathing but play a species- and behavior-dependent role in modulating respiratory networks. They further suggest that the neural network generating respiration is capable of extensive plasticity given sufficient time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Testing the role of preBötzinger Complex somatostatin neurons in respiratory and vocal behaviors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tupal%2C+Srinivasan%22">Tupal, Srinivasan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rieger%2C+Michael+A%2E%22">Rieger, Michael A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ling%2C+Guang‐Yi%22">Ling, Guang‐Yi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Thomas+J%2E%22">Park, Thomas J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dougherty%2C+Joseph+D%2E%22">Dougherty, Joseph D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goodchild%2C+Ann+K%2E%22">Goodchild, Ann K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gray%2C+Paul+A%2E%22">Gray, Paul A.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22">European Journal of Neuroscience</searchLink>. Oct2014, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p3067-3077. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Somatostatin%22">Somatostatin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Excitatory+amino+acid+agents%22">Excitatory amino acid agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurons%22">Neurons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health%22">Public health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glutamate+transporters%22">Glutamate transporters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Endorphin+receptors%22">Endorphin receptors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Identifying neurons essential for the generation of breathing and related behaviors such as vocalisation is an important question for human health. The targeted loss of preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) glutamatergic neurons, including those that express high levels of somatostatin protein ( SST neurons), eliminates normal breathing in adult rats. Whether preBötC SST neurons represent a functionally specialised population is unknown. We tested the effects on respiratory and vocal behaviors of eliminating SST neuron glutamate release by Cre-Lox-mediated genetic ablation of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 ( VGlut2). We found the targeted loss of VGlut2 in SST neurons had no effect on viability in vivo, or on respiratory period or responses to neurokinin 1 or μ-opioid receptor agonists in vitro. We then compared medullary SST peptide expression in mice with that of two species that share extreme respiratory environments but produce either high or low frequency vocalisations. In the Mexican free-tailed bat, SST peptide-expressing neurons extended beyond the preBötC to the caudal pole of the VII motor nucleus. In the naked mole-rat, however, SST-positive neurons were absent from the ventrolateral medulla. We then analysed isolation vocalisations from SST-Cre; VGlut2F/F mice and found a significant prolongation of the pauses between syllables during vocalisation but no change in vocalisation number. These data suggest that glutamate release from preBötC SST neurons is not essential for breathing but play a species- and behavior-dependent role in modulating respiratory networks. They further suggest that the neural network generating respiration is capable of extensive plasticity given sufficient time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/ejn.12669
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Excitatory amino acid agents
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              Text: Oct2014
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