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Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study.

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Title: Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study.
Authors: Monrad, Maria1, Christensen, Jeppe Schultz1, Tjønneland, Anne1, Sorensen, Mette1, Raaschou-Nielsen, Oie1,2, Sajadieh, Ahmad3, Ketzel, Matthias2, Overvad, Kim4, Loft, Steffen5
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Mar2017, Vol. 125 Issue 3, p422-427. 6p. 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subject Terms: *Air pollution, *Automobile emissions, Atrial fibrillation diagnosis, Atrial fibrillation risk factors, Nitrogen oxide analysis, Atrial fibrillation, Confidence intervals, Metropolitan areas, Questionnaires, Research funding, Residential patterns, Disease incidence, Proportional hazards models, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio
Geographic Terms: Denmark
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The few studies conducted on short-term effects of air pollution on episodes of atrial fibrillation indicate a positive association, though not consistently. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of traffic-related air pollution on incidence of atrial fibrillation in the general population. METHODS: In the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort of 57,053 people 50-64 years old at enrollment in 1993-1997, we identified 2,700 cases of first-ever hospital admission for atrial fibrillation from enrollment to end of follow-up in 2011. For all cohort members, exposure to traffic-related air pollution assessed as nitrogen dioxide (NO[sub 2]) and nitrogen oxides (NO[sub x]) was estimated at all present and past residential addresses from 1984 to 2011 using a validated dispersion model. We used Cox proportional hazard model to estimate associations between long-term residential exposure to NO[sub 2] and NO[sub x] and risk of atrial fibrillation, after adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic position. RESULTS: A 10 μg/m[sup 3] higher 10-year time-weighted mean exposure to NO[sub 2] preceding diagnosis was associated with an 8% higher risk of atrial fibrillation [incidence rate ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.14] in adjusted analysis. Though weaker, similar results were obtained for long-term residential exposure to NO[sub x]. We found no clear tendencies regarding effect modification of the association between NO[sub 2] and atrial fibrillation by sex, smoking, hypertension or myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: We found long-term residential traffic-related air pollution to be associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation. Accordingly, the present findings lend further support to the demand for abatement of air pollution. CITATION: Monrad M, Sajadieh A, Christensen JS, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Loft S, Sorensen M. 2017. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 125:422-427; httD://dx.doi.onr/10.1289/EHP392 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The few studies conducted on short-term effects of air pollution on episodes of atrial fibrillation indicate a positive association, though not consistently. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of traffic-related air pollution on incidence of atrial fibrillation in the general population. METHODS: In the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort of 57,053 people 50-64 years old at enrollment in 1993-1997, we identified 2,700 cases of first-ever hospital admission for atrial fibrillation from enrollment to end of follow-up in 2011. For all cohort members, exposure to traffic-related air pollution assessed as nitrogen dioxide (NO[sub 2]) and nitrogen oxides (NO[sub x]) was estimated at all present and past residential addresses from 1984 to 2011 using a validated dispersion model. We used Cox proportional hazard model to estimate associations between long-term residential exposure to NO[sub 2] and NO[sub x] and risk of atrial fibrillation, after adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic position. RESULTS: A 10 μg/m[sup 3] higher 10-year time-weighted mean exposure to NO[sub 2] preceding diagnosis was associated with an 8% higher risk of atrial fibrillation [incidence rate ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.14] in adjusted analysis. Though weaker, similar results were obtained for long-term residential exposure to NO[sub x]. We found no clear tendencies regarding effect modification of the association between NO[sub 2] and atrial fibrillation by sex, smoking, hypertension or myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: We found long-term residential traffic-related air pollution to be associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation. Accordingly, the present findings lend further support to the demand for abatement of air pollution. CITATION: Monrad M, Sajadieh A, Christensen JS, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Loft S, Sorensen M. 2017. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 125:422-427; httD://dx.doi.onr/10.1289/EHP392 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1289/EHP392
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 422
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automobile emissions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atrial fibrillation diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atrial fibrillation risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen oxide analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atrial fibrillation
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metropolitan areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Residential patterns
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease incidence
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      – SubjectFull: Proportional hazards models
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Denmark
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      – TitleFull: Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study.
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              Text: Mar2017
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