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Risk assessment and exposure patterns of hydroxypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in elderly population: Insights from urinary metabolite levels and dietary habits.

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Title: Risk assessment and exposure patterns of hydroxypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in elderly population: Insights from urinary metabolite levels and dietary habits.
Authors: Gao, Yafei1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Biwen1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Hua, Liting1,4 (AUTHOR), Li, Juanhua2,3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Junqi2,3 (AUTHOR), Peng, Yang3,5 (AUTHOR), Cheng, Lu6 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Hongkai1 (AUTHOR), Sun, Hongwen1 (AUTHOR), Li, Han1,2,3 (AUTHOR) leehan1988@126.com, Zhao, Hongzhi1 (AUTHOR) hongzhizhao@nankai.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier). May2026, Vol. 163, p37-47. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, *Environmental exposure, *Carcinogenicity, *Biomarkers, Risk assessment, Dietary patterns, Older people
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: • Ten PAH metabolites were detected in 85.7 to 100 % of the urine samples. • OH-PAH levels linked to gender, smoking, and alcohol; smoking was the main factor. • Consumption of fish, mycorrhizal and soy products was negatively linked to OH-PAHs. • The HI was below 1, but around 85 % exceeded the acceptable cancer risk threshold. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known for their adverse health effects and have garnered significant global attention. This study assessed the levels of ten monohydroxy metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs), derived from naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, in urine samples collected from 495 elderly individuals in southern China. OH-PAH concentrations ranged from 0.134 to 183 ng/mL, with OH-Nap (the monohydroxy metabolite of naphthalene) being the most prevalent, accounting for 76.8 % of total metabolites. Significant correlations were observed between urinary OH-PAH levels and demographic factors including gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption, with smoking emerging as the strongest determinant. Regression analyses indicated that steaming significantly reduced PAH exposure (e.g., for 1-OHNap: β = -0.103, 95 % CI: -0.67, -0.04, p < 0.05), while dietary factors, such as fish, mycorrhizal algae, soy products, and coarse grains, influenced OH-PAH concentrations (p < 0.05). Monte Carlo simulations revealed a hazard index below the safety threshold of 1 and an overall carcinogenic risk ranging from 6.40 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.05 × 10⁻⁴, with approximately 85 % of individuals exceeding the acceptable carcinogenic risk threshold (lg(CR) > -6), primarily due to pyrene and naphthalene, which together accounted for 87.2 % of the total. This study delineates the link between PAH metabolites and dietary habits, uncovering health risks for the elderly population in the region. It provides a scientific basis for environmental health and pollution prevention policies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of PAHs on environmental and public health. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Risk assessment and exposure patterns of hydroxypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in elderly population: Insights from urinary metabolite levels and dietary habits.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gao%2C+Yafei%22&quot;&gt;Gao, Yafei&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wang%2C+Biwen%22&quot;&gt;Wang, Biwen&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Hua%2C+Liting%22&quot;&gt;Hua, Liting&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Li%2C+Juanhua%22&quot;&gt;Li, Juanhua&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Liu%2C+Junqi%22&quot;&gt;Liu, Junqi&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Peng%2C+Yang%22&quot;&gt;Peng, Yang&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3,5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cheng%2C+Lu%22&quot;&gt;Cheng, Lu&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhu%2C+Hongkai%22&quot;&gt;Zhu, Hongkai&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Sun%2C+Hongwen%22&quot;&gt;Sun, Hongwen&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Li%2C+Han%22&quot;&gt;Li, Han&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; leehan1988@126.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhao%2C+Hongzhi%22&quot;&gt;Zhao, Hongzhi&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; hongzhizhao@nankai.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Journal+of+Environmental+Sciences+%28Elsevier%29%22&quot;&gt;Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier)&lt;/searchLink&gt;. May2026, Vol. 163, p37-47. 11p.
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  Data: • Ten PAH metabolites were detected in 85.7 to 100 % of the urine samples. • OH-PAH levels linked to gender, smoking, and alcohol; smoking was the main factor. • Consumption of fish, mycorrhizal and soy products was negatively linked to OH-PAHs. • The HI was below 1, but around 85 % exceeded the acceptable cancer risk threshold. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known for their adverse health effects and have garnered significant global attention. This study assessed the levels of ten monohydroxy metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs), derived from naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, in urine samples collected from 495 elderly individuals in southern China. OH-PAH concentrations ranged from 0.134 to 183 ng/mL, with OH-Nap (the monohydroxy metabolite of naphthalene) being the most prevalent, accounting for 76.8 % of total metabolites. Significant correlations were observed between urinary OH-PAH levels and demographic factors including gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption, with smoking emerging as the strongest determinant. Regression analyses indicated that steaming significantly reduced PAH exposure (e.g., for 1-OHNap: β = -0.103, 95 % CI: -0.67, -0.04, p &lt; 0.05), while dietary factors, such as fish, mycorrhizal algae, soy products, and coarse grains, influenced OH-PAH concentrations (p &lt; 0.05). Monte Carlo simulations revealed a hazard index below the safety threshold of 1 and an overall carcinogenic risk ranging from 6.40 &#215; 10⁻⁸ to 1.05 &#215; 10⁻⁴, with approximately 85 % of individuals exceeding the acceptable carcinogenic risk threshold (lg(CR) &gt; -6), primarily due to pyrene and naphthalene, which together accounted for 87.2 % of the total. This study delineates the link between PAH metabolites and dietary habits, uncovering health risks for the elderly population in the region. It provides a scientific basis for environmental health and pollution prevention policies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of PAHs on environmental and public health. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.018
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 37
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carcinogenicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dietary patterns
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Older people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Risk assessment and exposure patterns of hydroxypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in elderly population: Insights from urinary metabolite levels and dietary habits.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
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