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Physics beyond the Standard Model from hydrogen spectroscopy.

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Title: Physics beyond the Standard Model from hydrogen spectroscopy.
Authors: Ubachs, W.1 w.m.g.ubachs@vu.nl, Koelemeij, J.C.J.1, Eikema, K.S.E.1, Salumbides, E.J.1
Source: Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. Feb2016, Vol. 320, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Hydrogen, Standard model (Nuclear physics), Absorption spectra, Spectrometry, Binding energy, Quantum electrodynamics
Abstract: Spectroscopy of hydrogen can be used for a search into physics beyond the Standard Model. Differences between the absorption spectra of the Lyman and Werner bands of H 2 as observed at high redshift and those measured in the laboratory can be interpreted in terms of possible variations of the proton–electron mass ratio μ = m p / m e over cosmological history. Investigation of ten such absorbers in the redshift range z = 2.0 –4.2 yields a constraint of | Δ μ / μ | < 5 × 10 - 6 at 3 σ . Observation of H 2 from the photospheres of white dwarf stars inside our Galaxy delivers a constraint of similar magnitude on a dependence of μ on a gravitational potential 10 4 times as strong as on the Earth’s surface. While such astronomical studies aim at finding quintessence in an indirect manner, laboratory precision measurements target such additional quantum fields in a direct manner. Laser-based precision measurements of dissociation energies, vibrational splittings and rotational level energies in H 2 molecules and their deuterated isotopomers HD and D 2 produce values for the rovibrational binding energies fully consistent with quantum ab initio calculations including relativistic and quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects. Similarly, precision measurements of high-overtone vibrational transitions of HD + ions, captured in ion traps and sympathetically cooled to mK temperatures, also result in transition frequencies fully consistent with calculations including QED corrections. Precision measurements of inter-Rydberg transitions in H 2 can be extrapolated to yield accurate values for level splittings in the H 2 + -ion. These comprehensive results of laboratory precision measurements on neutral and ionic hydrogen molecules can be interpreted to set bounds on the existence of possible fifth forces and of higher dimensions, phenomena describing physics beyond the Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Spectroscopy of hydrogen can be used for a search into physics beyond the Standard Model. Differences between the absorption spectra of the Lyman and Werner bands of H 2 as observed at high redshift and those measured in the laboratory can be interpreted in terms of possible variations of the proton–electron mass ratio μ = m p / m e over cosmological history. Investigation of ten such absorbers in the redshift range z = 2.0 –4.2 yields a constraint of | Δ μ / μ | < 5 × 10 - 6 at 3 σ . Observation of H 2 from the photospheres of white dwarf stars inside our Galaxy delivers a constraint of similar magnitude on a dependence of μ on a gravitational potential 10 4 times as strong as on the Earth’s surface. While such astronomical studies aim at finding quintessence in an indirect manner, laboratory precision measurements target such additional quantum fields in a direct manner. Laser-based precision measurements of dissociation energies, vibrational splittings and rotational level energies in H 2 molecules and their deuterated isotopomers HD and D 2 produce values for the rovibrational binding energies fully consistent with quantum ab initio calculations including relativistic and quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects. Similarly, precision measurements of high-overtone vibrational transitions of HD + ions, captured in ion traps and sympathetically cooled to mK temperatures, also result in transition frequencies fully consistent with calculations including QED corrections. Precision measurements of inter-Rydberg transitions in H 2 can be extrapolated to yield accurate values for level splittings in the H 2 + -ion. These comprehensive results of laboratory precision measurements on neutral and ionic hydrogen molecules can be interpreted to set bounds on the existence of possible fifth forces and of higher dimensions, phenomena describing physics beyond the Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00222852
DOI:10.1016/j.jms.2015.12.003